Regional Strategy free essay sample

Regional strategies for global leadership As the rising tide of globalization, some companies may lost the way or make mistakes to set out to create a worldwide strategy. In fact, better results come from strong regional strategies, which is the bridge that connect the local and global initiatives, and can significantly boost a company’s performance. The role and importance of regions According to the article, an increasing number of companies regard regions as enabler of cross-border integration because high level of cross-border integration usually accompany with high level of regionalization. Besides the geographic proximity, the cultural, administrative and economic proximity also become an important competitive advantage in regionalization and contribute a significant weight of sales. The regional strategy menu Nowadays, companies usually adopt several strategies simultaneously to increase economic integration and promote globalization. The Home Base Strategy—serving nearby foreign market from home base, which is efficient and permit rapid interactions with other departments, especially work well when economics of concentration. We will write a custom essay sample on Regional Strategy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, it limits a company to its local region. The Portfolio Strategy setting up or acquiring operations outside the home region that report directly to the home base. It leads to lots of favorable performances and outcomes in non-home regions, but it takes time to implement and require the abilities to compete with outside rivals. The Hub strategy build regional bases or hubs to support local operations. It is simply a multiregional version of the home base strategy to share resources and add value at the regional level. However, companies have to balance the customization and standardization carefully to avoid risks. The Platform Strategy utilizing the common platforms to delivery variety that more cost-effectively and achieve greater economies of scale and scope through customization. It will get risk if managers take standardization too far. The Mandate Strategy focusing on economies of specialization and scale, and ward certain regions broad mandates to supply particular products or perform particular roles for the whole organization. All five strategies represent a new strategy—global network. These strategies make important roles in the contemporary companies, one of the reasons why Toyota can be the leader in the motors market is to combine and apply these strategies thoroughly. Therefore, these strategies are on the right orientation.

Baz luhrmann and Moulin Rouge Essays

Baz luhrmann and Moulin Rouge Essays Baz luhrmann and Moulin Rouge Paper Baz luhrmann and Moulin Rouge Paper Baz Luhrmann, born Mark Anthony Luhrmann but was later nicknamed Baz due to his resemblance to the character Basil Brush. he was born on September 17, 1962, is an Oscar and Golden Globe-nominated Australian film director, screenwriter, and producer. His films are distinguished by their flamboyant theatricality and oversaturated colours. Baz Luhrmann has done it again. This time with Ewan McGregor as Pariss own Romeo and the dazzling Nicole Kidman replacing the innocent character of Juliet with the courtesan Satine. Together, they create a whole new meaning to the word colour, blazing on to the screen with such electricity, a true Baz Luhrman technique. Paris 1900: by the window of a small room with the keys of a typewriter at his fingers, sits the broken-hearted writer ready to write his story. A story about love, truth, beauty and freedom. At the beginning, Baz lurhmann sweeps us over the rooftops of the streets of Paris to this point, in a bleak black and white image as the writer recalls back on his heartbreaking memories, and very creatively sweeps us back to the joyful times filling the screen with vibrant colours as the magnificence of the bohemian lifestyle explodes onto the screen. Enter Christian, a young handsome writer on the search for success in Paris against his fathers wishes following his lifelong dream. A character so full of enthusiasm and life, who better to play the role of Christian than the star himself, Ewan McGregor. Upon meeting Toulouse Lautrec, the leader of a petty group of actors, he is hired as their playwright for a musical at the Moulin Rouge, impressing them with a song to boast his talent. Cheery, vigorous melodies erupt on display building a hearty atmosphere, once again, one of many of Baz Lurhmans creative techniques to capture the audience. An innocent, naive Christian is led to the Moulin Rouge, a place where mens fantasies spring to life. It is here where we are introduced to the sparkling diamond of the Moulin Rouge, the infamous star that descends lighting up the faces of the men as she passes, the seducing Satine. Nicole Kidman couldnt have played the role of Satine better. She leaves the men of the audience of the nightclub dazzled and amazed by her beauty, as she is lowered down on a swing singing Diamonds Are a Girls Best Friend Moulin Rouge is described by Baz Luhrmann as audience participation cinema. This means that the audience can get involved and that emotions are normally high. hich can be contrasted to Bollywood movies. This type of cinema is part of Baz Luhrmanns trademark and he purposely makes films that are flamboyant and overly theatrical. With Strictly Ballroom and Romeo and Juliet as his previous directed movies we can see that Moulin rouge is unique and original in its own style. Only Baz Lurhmans wacky imagination brings vibrant colours and actors and actresses belting out songs from Madonna and Whitney Houston such as like a virgin and I-e-I-e-I will always love yooou-ou-ou to the big screen.

Blacks Leisure Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blacks Leisure Group - Essay Example This diversity makes the company capture a wider market. The company's strength also lies in the availability of capital enabling the company to weather periods of large losses and allocate budget to cover expenses for closure of its non-performing stores. This is the result of a comprehensive and effective financial management scheme. Most of the products sold by the company are designed for cold and moist conditions which make it inappropriate or warm and dry conditions. Whenever such weather conditions occur, the company will surely suffer from decreased sales. The company is also lacking in activities that encourage participation and industry growth. It has minimal presence in advocacy campaigns geared towards the availability of land/waterways upon which to recreate, strong outdoor ethos in the next generations and integration of a variety of activities into the active outdoor lifestyle. These activities are necessary to ensure that people will prefer to go outdoors than just enjoy indoor activities. According to the 2007 full preliminary report of the company, the new e-commerce web sites for Blacks and Millets have resulted to a 70% increase on online sales. The provision of online shopping as a distribution channel presents opportunities for the business firm to increase their sales as they can widen their coverage.

Current ethical issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current ethical issues - Essay Example ilemma lies in the fact that even a pharmaceutical company is a business and it is there in the market to earn money however if such a company starts to give free away free medicine to everybody in need, the company would go bankrupt in a short time and then it there would be no more of that drug in any case. This problem becomes more serious when a company tests its drugs in the general market, give free samples, monitors the patients, set up offices and markets for patients etc. but when the testing ends, the company takes drug away from the people who were depending on it. Everyone cannot afford the real price of the product when it is approved by the FDA and launched because the company has to acquire patients and rights for their products thus raising their costs as well. Something that can be done is to involve the government and the charity organizations in these cases where testing, free medicines are involved so that the company producing them can continue doing their business but the government and the philanthropists can give the poor drugs on their expense for the sake of social heath

Operations Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations Strategy - Essay Example For instance, it is not only enough to focus the whole energy of an organization on production activities, but considering that there are existing processes in the business world as it continuously evolves, other aspects need to be substantially focused and even strategic actions have to be implemented. History The existence of business itself paves way to the formulation of operations strategy. Businesses ended up to the creation of business strategies. These led to the formulation of effective operations strategies (Waters, 1999). Businesses have to function efficiently and this is the reason why strategies are necessary to be integrated with the whole business operation. In fact, this is evident on how the United States’ business evolved over time. The evolution of business policy and management started between 1930 and 1960 as highly influenced by American dominance in the global market (Amatori & Jones, 2003). It is during this period that business was considered as an is olated American subdiscipline. During this time, the United States has become one of the leading countries that introduced business sophistication into the world. This resulted to significant innovation and major changes how the business including its operations was conducted. Throughout history, businesses evolved and primarily this is sped up by the onset of globalization in the modern business world. In globalization, there is increasing interdependence between national systems through different aspects including trade, military alliance, domination and cultural imperialism (Waters, 2001). It is not surprising therefore that the business world has significant changes over time due to the fact that interdependence between nations existed. This includes maximization of resources and operation. This is the very reason why business has become international and has turned into a good opportunity for international organizations to maximize their operations and resources. As the effect, each organization that tries to compete with each other is trying to create competitive strategies for their competitive advantage (Porter, 1990). For instance, marketing strategies existed and companies are after of stimulating needs not just relying purely on production oriented operation approach (Boone & Kurtz, 2006; Kotler et al., 1999). In short, the need for operations strategy is necessary in order to compete. The need for innovation is not just on producing new service or product offerings, but there is substantial consideration on business operation approach in which strategies are become its integral parts in the process. In other words, as business itself evolved, its corresponding operation which has been an integral part in its existence has also become so involved with business strategic formulation. This is in line with the creation of competitive advantage due to spiraling growth of competition everywhere most especially that the world has become so compressed when it comes to interdependence in trade. Thus, every organization is expected to formulate their very own operation strategies in order to sustain their ventures and even maximize their full advantage in their respective industries. Relevance It is important to understand that the relevance of operations strategy at present can be traced back to how business has substantially evolved. Operations element of a business

Needs in Geriatric Support

Needs in Geriatric Support Maria Theresa O. Seguerra 12000636 INTRODUCTION: We do not have any control over our health and ageing. Many believed that we are all masters of our own destiny especially with how well we look after ourselves and how well we age (Nelson, 2013). In this assessment, we are tasked to recognize and carefully look into the support needs of older adults suffering from geriatric health conditions most especially those with dementia. Furthermore, we are required to weigh the good side and the undesirable impacts of pre- conceived judgments and myths related to dementia and other common geriatric health conditions on patients and their families, individuals, and teams in the organisation and the whole of the said organisation. Lastly, it is necessary for us to be able to know and endorse various ways to support, lessen or diminish the negative influences of dementia and other common geriatric health illnesses on clients and their families, individuals and teams in the organisation and the entire organisation as well. TASK 1 Five Geriatric Support Organisations Age Concern NZ This organization supports older adults with feelings of loneliness and alienation. They provide accredited visiting services to comfort geriatric clients an hour per week for them to enjoy social talks, share common interests and do fun activities together with the support service volunteer. Also, this group caters free and private services concerning elder abuse and neglect prevention all throughout New Zealand. They help older people to feel happier, healthier and protected. In addition, help is always available to up keep and maintain the older client’s well-being in all aspects of life such as giving tips and advices whether or not to move out from their places, the appropriate places for them to stay, home support services, and helping out with housing repairs and maintenance. Lastly, this support organisation extends an extra mile to help older people decide matters regarding money. Most frequently asked questions with what to do with their money and properties are answered by this support group (Age Concern New Zealand, 2014). ElderNet This support group offers up to date, significant and detailed information for older people in New Zealand. The site contains a wide database of directory and details about retirement villages, lifestyle villages and living, home help services, residential care, private hospitals, dementia care, rest homes, public hospital and all sorts of third age services for older adults (Eldernet ltd, 2015). Grey Power NZ This organisation supports the voice of all NZ citizens who are in their 50s and over. This group helps in health promotion and maintenance of well- being of the citizens who are 50 and above (Grey Power NZ, 2015). Seniorline This offers help to old people in deciding about staying home, retirement villages, home care, day care and rest homes. In addition, this group offers services that easily direct elderly people of New Zealand through the healthcare system (Auckland District Health Board 2000-2004). SuperGold Card This special type of card is for seniors and veterans of New Zealand. It includes big discounts and concessions such as free public transportation in appreciation for the older people’s contribution to the country. This card is even accepted in Australia in cases when elderlies travel to that country (Ministry of Social Development, 2015). Six Service Provisions Residential Care This refers to a long term care given to elderlies in a residential setting rather than in their family home. This includes rest home care, continuing care, respite care, dementia care. There is a criteria given for people to enter residential care settings contracted by the DHB and these are: Assessment by a DHB or DHB NASC must be done as to whether the person’s needs are considered as high or very high needs which are irreversible. They should be assessed as persons who can no longer be supported by the family or within the community. The person must be aged 65 or over; or aged between 50 and 64, unmarried and with no dependent children. Lastly, the person must be entitled for a publicly funded health and disability services, must be New Zealand citizen, or permanent resident otherwise, they are personally liable to pay the full cost of their care (Ministry of Health- Manatu Haouora, 2014). Domiciliary care This type of service provision is given to older people who still live independently in their homes yet needing personal help and assistance in their activities of daily living because their needs are assessed to be moderate or high (Northern Health and Care Trust, 2013). Sheltered housing This service provision caters to older people who still wants to live semi independently. They are provided with self- contained flats or bungalows with wardens on site or off site. Although they live on their own, they still receive proper personal care and meal provisions are available to them (Age UK Group, 2015). Memory Services This offers accurate screening and problem- solving service to older people who are suffering from mild memory problems. Their purpose is to boost the independence of elderlies with memory difficulties. Also, this service provision caters support and in depth advice to clients and carers as well as suggestions on proper medications to be taken, memory aids, referrals to other agencies that work with people with memory problems (Health Point, 2004- 2015). End- of- life support This provides holistic comfort and support as well as social support to people who are suffering from a dying and advanced illness. NURSING HOMES Suitable for long term care especially in the later stages of dementia. Most patients will necessitate 24 hours medical care and management. Most common services provided by nursing homes are helping with their basic personal cares such as showering, toileting and such, assisting and monitoring their daily intake of prescribed medications, providing recreational activities to them and providing special provisions by health care professionals like the podiatrist, hair dresser, occupational therapist, physio-therapist. TASK 2 A stigma is a pre- perceived thought attached to a person’s personality and character that usually seen as a drawback in society. Most people experiencing dementia have not gotten away from this society’s humiliation, the families and loved ones of these demented clients are the ones who are mostly affected by this and they are in constant battle with this dilemma. The following are some of the stigmas identified: Social isolation of the individual and their family As dementia advances, it becomes harder for the family to cope up with this illness. The gradual transition of the client makes it more difficult for the loved ones to handle this pressing issue especially when depression breaks into the person’s emotion which usually adds up to the feeling of isolation and when they will come to realize that they are more of a liability to the family now than a provider. Management: They should be encouraged to participate in recreational activities such as art classes, van trips and concerts. Inform the family that the client needs constant visits from them so they would not feel alienated. Allow the elderly to do their activities of daily living independently. Respect their decision if they refuse to ask help from the health providers in doing their personal cares. Assumption of automatic loss of independence This stigma can elicit and stir enormous resentment, feelings of worthlessness and depression due to the reason that they can no longer bring out even the simplest tasks to be done and are not able to comprehend the complex tasks anymore. Management: Encourage them to participate in all sorts of activities to make them realize that they still are capable of doing things on their own. Allow them to seek advices from therapists to boost their self- worth and pride. In assisting them to do physical activities, make sure the health provider should be realistic enough as to how much activity can be done at one time. Unable to make decisions about own care As this irreversible illness progresses, the cognitive aspect of the person with dementia gradually deteriorates as well. Simple personal tasks can be hardly carried out by them such as bathing, toileting, washing and even eating can even be a hassle for them. Such minor things can be forgotten resulting to poor personal hygiene, malnutrition and at risk for all sorts of injuries and accidents. Management: Offer them choices of food to eat and monitor their weights weekly if possible. If disturbing changes are noted, always give them fortified drinks mixed with their food and or daily supplemental drinks to take. Respect their clothing preferences but make sure you see to it that what they chose to wear is appropriate for the day. Always be there to assist them and let them do what they want to do so as to promote independence. Always allow them to participate in simple tasks. Dissatisfying interactions with the medical community The healthcare providers are those people who deal with the demented clients the most thus they play the very critical, and significant role in this aspect. In order to keep track of the proper treatment given to the client, the family should: Constantly keep in contact with the service providers to be able to be informed of the client’s progress and changes, and whether the level of assistance has changed from the time they were admitted to the facility or has it improved in time. Make it sure that the client’s carers are well- trained and well equipped with knowledge and skills so as to bring about the best care expected to the demented client. Uncertainty of support services and treatments There is no such thing as cure for dementia and if by chance any treatments can be found to reverse the illness, many would surely support this cure and become part of the solution. Management: As a healthcare provider, always keep the family informed of the support services that can help with the demented loved one. Many health professionals work well along with people suffering from this illness. Although treatments have not been found yet, always communicate to the family the facts and share accurate information regarding the disease so as to avoid misconceptions regarding the illness. Also, let the family know that it is always important for the demented client to stay involved in meaningful relationships and activities. References: Nelson, S. (2013). How to age well (1st edition). South Carolina, USA. A+ Links Home Health: DAY ASSESSMENT Auckland City Memory Service : Healthpoint. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.healthpoint.co.nz/public/community/a-links-home-health/day-assessment-auckland-city-memory-service/ Domiciliary Care. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.northerntrust.hscni.net/services/352.htm End-of-Life Care National Cancer Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Support/end-of-life-care Home | Carers NZ. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.carersair.net.nz/ Residential care questions and answers | Ministry of Health NZ. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/life-stages/health-older-people/long-term-residential-care/residential-care-questions-and-answers Sheltered housing | Housing choices | Home care | Age UK. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ageuk.org.uk/home-and-care/housing-choices/sheltered-housing/

The Nature of Adolescence, by John C. Coleman and Leo B. Hendry Essay

There have been many scientists and philosophers that have put forth information about the stages that humans go through in life. One of these representations is put forth by Erikson, in the book The Nature of Adolescence, by John C. Coleman and Leo B. Hendry. This theory has four steps; 1. The problem of intimacy, 2. A diffusion of time perspective, or the problems of focusing on the future, 3. Diffusion of industry or the difficulty of focusing on studies, and finally 4. Negative identity or the "rebellious" stage. These stages are not purely involved in the teenage years of a person’s life, as they can go through and possibly stay at these stages throughout their entire life. Rebecca Fraser-Thill defines it as, "Identity diffusion is one step in the process of finding a sense of self. It refers to a period when an individual does not have an established identity, nor is actively searching for one. In other words, it's a time when a person's identity remains unresolved, yet there is no identity crisis" (Thill). In the novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man by James Joyce, each of these stages can be seen as the novel progresses. An analysis of the stages of development as stated by Erikson, in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and in my own life is needed. Intimacy problems can be seen in the early stages of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man when Stephen, the protagonist of the novel, has multiple sexual escapades with prostitutes. James Joyce tells of this, saying, "It was too much for him. He closed his eyes, surrendering himself to her, body and mind, conscious of nothing in the world but the dark pressure of her softly parting lips."(Joyce, Chapter 2, Section 5). This shows his reluctance to commit to a... ...in the world. Many people either do not progress, getting stuck on one level or another, or they regress back to stages that they have already surpassed. There are definitely problems in everybody’s life but the best thing to do is learn from them. These stages are not set in stone and there is no way to fully know what happens in a person's mind. Works Cited About. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014. . Coleman, John C., and Leo B. Hendry. The Nature of Adolescence. N.p.: Metheun and Co., 1980. Print. Erikson, Erik H. Identity: Youth and Crisis. N.p.: W.W. Norton and Company, 1968. Print. Melges, Frederick T. "Identity and Temporal Perspective." Cognitive Models of Psychological Time. Ed. Richard A. Block. N.p.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990. 255-67. Print. SimplyPsychology. N.p., n.d.

Lokpal Bill

KONERU LAKSHMAIAH UNIVERSITY SEMINAR PRESENTION TOPIC: LOKPAL BILL SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: Dr. V. SARADA B. SEKHAR BABU M. C. A [2ND YEAR] Lokpal Bill is not a new word for Indian people. It is frequently used against corruption. Anna Hazare creates a new history for the demand of Jan Lokpal Bill in the year of 2011. There is a discussion about a struggling history of Jan Lokpal Bill and important of Lokpal Bill in India in the context of corruption. What is Jan Lokpal Bill? Jan Lokpal Bill is a proposed anti-corruption law drowns up by prominent civil society activists to deter corruption effectively. Word of Jan Lokpal Bill derives from Lokpal which means ombudsman (Legal Representative) in India. Lokpal word has been derived from the Sanskrit words â€Å"loka† (people) and â€Å"pala† (protector/caretaker). So Lokpal is meant as the ‘protector of people’. Jan Lokpal Bill is referred as citizens' ombudsman bill also in India. Ombudsman would create the law called the Lokpal Bill. It would be an independent body similar to the Election Commission of India. The Lokpal will have a three-member body with a chairperson. The chairperson will be a chief justice or Supreme Court judge. Other two members will be high courts judges or chief justices. Importance of Jan Lokpal Bill: It is being expected that Lokpal bill will reduce corruption in India. The Jan Lokpal bill provides powers to of filing complaints of corruption against the prime minister, other ministers and members of parliament with the ombudsman. The Lokpal Bill gives us a right, except for a public servant, to file a complaint and the Lokpal has to complete the inquiry within six months. History of Lokpal Bill: There is a struggle for Lokpal Bill of last 42 years. First time, the bill was presented during the fourth Lok Sabha in 1968. It was passed there in 1969. Lokpal Bill was revived in 1971, 1977, 1985, 1989, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005 and 2008. In 2010, Lokpal Bill, awaits an okay from a select committee. According to former chief justice of Delhi high court and rights activist Rajinder Sachar, Lokpal Bill is â€Å"shamefully toothless and meant to give a false reassurance to the people that the government is serious in its fight against corruption†. But former chief justice of India M N Venkatachelliah said that the PM must be out of its purview. Statement of M N Venkatachelliah was supported by Rahul Gandhi also. Role of Anna Hazare in Jan Lokpal Bill: Who is Anna Hazare? Kisan Bapat Baburao Hazare or Anna Hazare, is a social activist and a social worker. He used to work as a driver in the Indian Army and has been greatly influenced by Swami Vivekanada, Ghandiji and Acharya Vinobha Bhave. He is especially recognized for his contribution to the development of Ralegan Siddhi, a village in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. After voluntary retirement from the army, Hazare came to Ralegan Siddhi  village in 1975. Initially, he led a movement to eradicate alcoholism from the village. Next, he motivated the residents of the village intoshramdan (voluntary labour) to build canals, small-scale check-dams and percolation tanks in the nearby hills for watershed development; efforts that solved the problem of scarcity of water in the village that also made irrigation possible. He helped farmers of more than 70 villages in drought-prone region in the state of Maharashtra since 1975. He also motivated the residents of the village to build a secondary school in the village through voluntary labour. Lokpal Bill movement In 2011, Anna Hazare led a movement for passing a stronger anti-corruption Lokpal (ombudsman) bill in the Indian Parliament. As a part of this movement, N. Santosh Hegde, a former justice of the Supreme Court of India and Lokayukta of Karnataka, Prashant Bhushan, a senior lawyer in the Supreme Court along with the members of the India Against Corruption movement drafted an alternate bill, named as the Jan Lokpal Bill (People’s Ombudsman Bill) with more stringent provisions and wider power to the  Lokpal  (Ombudsman). Hazare has started a fast up to death from 5 April 2011 at Jantar Mantar in Delhi, to press for the demand to form a joint committee of the representatives of the Government and the civil society to draft a new bill with more stronger penal actions and more independenceto the  Lokpal  and  Lokayuktas (Ombudsmen in the states), after his demand was rejected by the Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh. The movement attracted attention very quickly through various media. It has been reported that thousands of people joined to support Hazare’s effort. Almost 150 people are reported to join Hazare in his fast. He said that he   Ã‚  would not allow any politician to sit with him in this movement. Many social activists including Medha Patkar,Arvind Kejriwal and former IPS officer Kiran Bedi have lent their support to Hazare’s hunger strike and anti-corruption campaign. This movement has also been joined by many people providing their support in Internet social media such as twitter and facebook. In addition to spiritual leaders Swami Ramdev,Swami Agnivesh and former Indian cricketer Kapil Dev,   many bollywood celebrities like Shekhar Kapur, Siddharth Narayan, Anupam Kher, Madhur Bhandarkar, Pritish Nandy, Priyanka Chopra, Prakash Raj,Aamir Khan, Chetan Bhagat showed their public support through twitter. As an outcome of this movement, on 6 April, 2011 Sharad Pawar resigned from the  group of ministers  formed for reviewing the draft Lokpal bill 2010. Anna Hazare started his â€Å"Fast until Death† at Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, stating â€Å"I will fast until Jan Lokpal Bill is passed† The movement gathered quite a significant amount of support from India’s youth visible through the local support and on social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. Differences between Government’s Lokpal and Jan Lokpal Bill: Lokpal Bill: ->Government will not have any power: ->To initiate action suo motu in any case ->To receive complaints of corruption from public ->To register an FIR ->Police powers >To investigate any case against PM in foreign affairs, security and defence ->To jurisdiction over bureaucrats and government officers Jan Lokpal Bill 2011: ->The Jan Lokpal Bill will have power: ->To initiate investigations suo motu in any case ->To complaints from the public ->To initiate prosecution after completion of investigations ->Police powers ->To register FIR, proceed with criminal investigations and launch prosecution ->To jurisdiction over politicians, officials and even judges ->To merge the entire vigilance machinery into Lokpal Recent Updates about Jan Lokpal Bill: Once again, Anna Hazare has announced to fast unto death at Jantar Mantar from August 16 if the government doesn’t pass the Jan Lokpal Bill. It will be the second battle of independence for him. He suggests his followers to opt the path of non-violence. About Jan Lokpal Bill: The Jan Lokpal Bill 2011 is a draft anti-corruption bill. The bill is drafted by Justice Santosh Hegde (former Supreme Court Judge and present Lokayukta of Karnataka), Prashant Bhushan (Supreme Court Lawyer) and Arvind Kejriwal (RTI activist). The draft Bill predicts a system where a corrupt person would go to jail within two years if he found guilty. It seeks power to prosecute politicians and bureaucrats without government permission. Features of Jan Lokpal Bill: 1. An institution called LOKPAL at the centre and LOKAYUKTA in each state will be set up 2. Like Supreme Court and Election Commission, they will be completely independent of the governments. No minister or bureaucrat will be able to influence their investigations. 3. Cases against corrupt people will not linger on for years anymore: Investigations in any case will have to be completed in one year. Trial should be completed in next one year so that the corrupt politician, officer or judge is sent to jail within two years. 4. The loss that a corrupt person caused to the government will be recovered at the time of conviction. 5. How will it help a common citizen: If any work of any citizen is not done in prescribed time in any government office, Lokpal will impose financial penalty on guilty officers, which will be given as compensation to the complainant. . So, you could approach Lokpal if your ration card or passport or voter card is not being made or if police is not registering your case or any other work is not being done in prescribed time. Lokpal will have to get it done in a month’s time. You could also report any case of corruption to Lokpal like ration being siphoned off, poor quality roads been constructed or panchayat funds being siphoned off. Lokpal will have to complete its investigations in a year, trial will be over in next one year and the guilty will go to jail within two years. 7. But won’t the government appoint corrupt and weak people as Lokpal members? That won’t be possible because its members will be selected by judges, citizens and constitutional authorities and not by politicians, through a completely transparent and participatory process. 8. What if some officer in Lokpal becomes corrupt? The entire functioning of Lokpal/ Lokayukta will be completely transparent. Any complaint against any officer of Lokpal shall be investigated and the officer dismissed within two months. 9. What will happen to existing anti-corruption agencies? CVC, departmental vigilance and anti-corruption branch of CBI will be merged into Lokpal. Lokpal will have complete powers and machinery to independently investigate and prosecute any officer, judge or politician. 10. It will be the duty of the Lokpal to provide protection to those who are being victimized for raising their voice against corruption. To summarise, we can say, it will give more power to RTI act, corruption will be tackled and dealt with quickly, whistle blowers will (most likely) also get some protection for raising their voice against corruption. What is the need of Lokpal Bill in our society? Do you think Lokpal Bill is really needed in our society to make an ideal state? Government has already CVC, departmental vigilance and anti-corruption branch of CBI to stop corruption. What would be moral line of Lokpal Bill? Why a person will not be corrupt where money is everything? How an anti-corrupt society or state will fulfill the basic needs of people? Can a capitalist state be anti-corrupt which motive is nothing but profit? How a profit oriented society can serve basic need of people? How the difference between rich and poor will be filled? Government has already exposed the power of ‘STATE’ demolishing strike of Ram Dev Baba at Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi. We have seen the monopoly of Indian government in union budget 2011 also. In this context, people should think about the future of Lokpal Bill. Jan Lokpal Bill will improve existing anti-corruption systems. Existing System| System Proposed by civil society| No politician or senior officer ever goes to jail despite huge evidence  because Anti Corruption Branch (ACB) and CBI directly come under the government. Before starting investigation or initiating prosecution in any case, they have to take permission from the same bosses, against whom the case has to be investigated. | Lokpal at centre and Lokayukta at state level will be independent bodies. ACB and CBI will be merged into these bodies. They will have power to initiate investigations and prosecution against any officer or politician without needing anyone’s permission. Investigation should be completed within 1 year and trial to get over in next 1 year. Within two years, the corrupt should go to jail. No corrupt officer is dismissed from the jobbecause Central Vigilance Commission, which is supposed to dismiss corrupt officers, is only an advisory body. Whenever it advises government to dismiss any senior corrupt officer, its advice is never implemented. | Lokpal and Lokayukta will have  complete powers to order dismissal of a corrupt officer. CVC and all departmental vigilance will be merged into Lokpal and state vigilance will be merged into Lokayukta. | No action is taken against corrupt judgesbecause permission is required from the Chief Justice of India to even register an FIR against corrupt judges. Lokpal & Lokayukta shall have  powers to investigate and prosecute any judge  without needing anyone’s permission. | Nowhere to go  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ People expose corruption but no action is taken on their complaints. | Lokpal & Lokayukta will have to  enquire into and hear every complaint. | There is so much corruption within CBI and vigilance departments. Their functioning is so secret that it encourages corruption within these agencies. | All investigations in Lokpal & Lokayukta shall be transparent. After completion of investigation, all case records shall be open to public. Complaint against any staff of Lokpal & Lokayukta shall be enquired and punishment announced within two months. | Weak and corrupt people are appointed as heads  of anti-corruption agencies. | Politicians will have absolutely no say in selections  of Chairperson and members of Lokpal & Lokayukta. Selections will take place through a transparent and public participatory process. | Citizens face harassment  in government offices. Sometimes they are forced to pay bribes. One can only complaint to senior officers. No action is taken on complaints because senior officers also get their cut. Lokpal & Lokayukta will get  public grievances resolved in time bound manner, impose a penalty of Rs 250 per day of delay to be deducted from the salary of guilty officer and award that amount as compensation to the aggrieved citizen. | Nothing in law to recover ill gotten wealth. A corrupt person can come out of jail and enjoy that money. | Loss  caused to the government due to corruptionwil l be recovered  from all accused. | Small punishment for corruption-  Punishment for corruption is minimum 6 months and maximum 7 years. | Enhanced punishment –  The punishment would be minimum 5 years and maximum of life imprisonment. |

California Government Structure Essays

California Government Structure Essays California Government Structure Essay California Government Structure Essay Structure of California’s Government Headed by the governor of the state, the state govt. of CA replicates the Federal govt. It has three branches that perform their assigned tasks and keep within the limits set by the constitution. These branches are: Legislature Executive Judiciary While this division has been created to give structure to the government and ensure its smooth and effective functioning, there is, more importantly, the need to keep the power of the branches in check and to make them accountable to each other. There is a system of ‘checks and balances’ that comes into play with this segregation of duties and separation of power. This system’s inception has been attributed to Montesquieu. (Wikipedia. org) Governor The governor is the head of the state and commander of the state’s militia, and he is the supreme executive power (ca. gov). He addresses the legislature with the state address at the beginning of the session, informing the body of the situation, the needs, and the recommendations for legislative action. He can require, by proclamation, a â€Å"special session† of the legislature to act on subjects specially specified by him. He also presents the legislature with the proposed budget and can refuse to sign a bill that can only become a law with his approval. Here again he is limited in his ‘veto’ power because he can be overridden by a two-thirds majority vote in both houses. (Capitol museum. gov) Legislature CA has a ‘bicarmel’ legislature, i. e. it has two separate legislative chambers, the Senate (40 members) and the Assembly (80 members). While the senators stand guard to the ‘liberty of the commonwealth’, the assembly members are bound to passing just laws that ‘represent and protect all the citizens of CA’. Both senators and assembly members do most of their work in committees (policy, rules, joint, special, and fiscal), and Legislators analyze, consult, debate, and hear testimony from both private and public interests on every bill. †Bicarmelism† is intended to reduce the ‘relative’ power of the legislature by having â€Å"different modes of election and different principles of action† (an argument instituted against the Seventeenth Amendment) Executive Responsible for administering and enforcing the law in the state, this branch is headed by the governor and comprises of many state departments that are headed by elected, appointed, and hired officials. Passing of a Bill To truly understand the process undergone and the roles played by the legislature and the executive to make a bill a law, let us examine the recent BILL NUMBER: AB 38 introduced on December 4, 2006, which was signed by the governor on 9/27/2008 and would become effective legislation on January 1, 2009. ( leginfo. a. gov) The actions of the senate and the assembly, hearings, debates, amendments, voting are evident in the timeline of the bill in the legislature: Signed by the Governor (executive head) of CA on September 27, 2008 PASSED THE SENATE AUGUST 21, 2008 PASSED THE ASSEMBLY AUGUST 29, 2008 AMENDED IN SENATE AUGUST 18, 2008 AMENDED IN SENATE AUGUST 11, 2008 AMENDED IN SENATE AUGUST 4, 2008 AMENDED IN SENATE JUNE 17, 2008 AMENDED IN SENATE MAY 6, 2008 AMENDED IN SENATE APRIL 14, 2008 AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY MAY 1, 2007 AMENDED IN ASSEMBLY MARCH 8, 2007 These dates and stages are a clear indication of the fact that the actual legislation is shaped and polished in the legislature, and that the executive body has little to contribute to its becoming a law. Veto power is certainly a resort, but it gives limited maneuverability to the governor. This is an example of cooperation of the two branches. â€Å"Assembly Bill 38 merges the Governors Office of Emergency Services (OES) and Office of Homeland Security (OHS) into a single, streamlined cabinet-level agency and legislation that enhances emergency assistance to disaster victims. † ( oes. ca. gov/) Gubernatorial Power California’s laws limit this power to a large extent with regard to the legislature. A study conducted by Dr. Thad Beyle (Politics in American States – Comparative Analysis) examines gubernatorial power in various areas of function in the 50 states and has compiled the data of those states for certain terms. The governor of CA has maintained a strong position in some areas while vacillating in some, or displaying a considerable decline in others. Using a scale of 1-5 in which 5 is the strongest, statistics maybe examined to see changes / typical / trends in CA 2000 to 2007 Governor’s Budget Power: 3 Governor’s Veto Power: 5 Governor’s Institutional Power: 3. 2 (3. 4 in 2000) The Governor Rating in the year 2000 placed CA’s governor at an overall rating of 3. 4 and a rank of 29 among the nation. What is interesting to note is the rating given to ‘Power of the Legislature to Change Governor’s Budget’ which was 1 on a 1 5 scale in a study conducted by Dr. Thad Beyle. This shows the CA governor as wielding a certain amount of influence in the legislature’s passing of his proposed budget, Of course, the constitution mandates that the budget be balanced and, if not, then the previous year’s budget remain effective. This already puts limitations and expectations in the budget’s formulation. Executive Order Another form of legislation is an executive order. Executive orders as issued by state governors are not laws, but do have the same binding nature. An example of specific power that is vested in the governor and that may not be overridden unless it is in conflict with the Article of the constitution is an Executive order that he can issue in case of an urgent need, Sometimes these orders may become laws. In the face of the economic crisis, drought situations, and emergencies, the governor of CA has issued several orders. ttp://www. californiaprogressreport. com/2008/07/schwarzenegger_81. html December 20, 2008 Controller John Chiang today issued the following statement in response to Governor Schwarzenegger’s executive order to implement furloughs and layoffs: â€Å"This is one of many painful results stemming from the inability of the Governor and Legislature to agree on respon sible solutions†¦. † (Giving a clear view of difference of opinion between the executive and the legislature. ) The order was implemented and the offices are closed on the 1st and 3rd Friday of every month. aliforniaprogressreport. com/2008/12/democrats_respo. html March 12, 2009 The California Universal Health Care Act is nearly identical to legislation (SB 840) that was introduced in 2007 by former Senator Sheila Kuehl. The California Legislature passed SB 840 in 2008, but it was vetoed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. (This legislation would be along the lines of the Obama administration’s plans for healthcare. It will be interesting to watch the outcome since the earlier veto held good. ) californiaprogressreport. com/2009/03/new_bill_by_mar. html July 31, 2008 ttp://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States) In an executive order that is part of the 2009-10 proposed budget, Arnold Schwarzenegger plans to cut down the salaries of 200,000 state workers to the federal minimum wage in the face of the economic crisis. Here we see an excellent example of executive-legislative balance of power. To quote the governor’s response to criticism from the workers, Californians, and elected Democrats,† I have to make sure that we pay our bills and that we have the money. So, there is an executive order that I will be signing on Thursday. The governor also spurned the disapproval of the State Controller Democratic John Chiang for this order, and in reaction to the statement of Democratic State Controller John Chiang regarding the absence of the Governor’s legal authority to make this order and to have the State Controller’s Office comply with it, the Governor said, â€Å"Look, the Controller has his opinion of what he wants to do. He is a constitutional officer and he runs his office his way. I think the law is very clear that he has to follow through and do exactly what our executive order says. We hope that we all work together. †} californiaprogressreport. com/2008/07/schwarzenegger_81. html At this point the Democratic State Controller has used the last effective resort. To seek support from the citizens. John Garamendi, California’s Democratic Lieutenant Governor wrote a letter statement asking the Governor to see it from the perspective of the workers: â€Å"I write to you today regarding the proposed executive order to reduce the minimum wage of 200,000 of Californias state workers to the federal minimum wage of $6. 5 an hour. â€Å"As you contemplate signing this executive order, please ask yourself how would you feed and care for your family on $262 per week ($1,048 per month)? How would your hardworking staff fare on these minimal earnings? Could you and your family do it for one week? â€Å"It is our duty, as elected officials of this great State, to find solutions to the many challenging problems that face California, such as the state budget. Th ose solutions should always look to improve the quality of life for all Californians, not impede it. The question arises, is this partisan decision? Are the parties pitting against each other? The answer lies in the statement issued by the Republicans in response to this position of the Governor: â€Å"Republicans understand the urgency of getting the budget done as soon as possible, which is our main focus right now. We are working very hard to avoid drastic measures like the one that is being proposed. Republicans are committed to crafting a responsible budget plan that reforms our broken system while protecting taxpayers. In this case there is a â€Å"multiple disconnect†. The executive order overrides the need for legislators to play a role, the executive body is at loggerheads at even the highest level, and the majority party does not necessarily support the governor’s decision. Based on the statistics from the past years (Dr. Thad Beyle), the governor’s b udget has almost always received a 5 on the 1-5 scale. Since this order is part of the budget, it will be interesting to note the 2009-10 Budget’s passage. Critical Viewpoint In reality, no democratic system can exist with an absolute separation of powers of the complete absence of the same. It is, therefore, a ‘principle’ that these separate bodies are established on, but their true working involves a common ground and liaison. Arguably, there is no real distinction between the two branches. An analogy has been drawn to compare the working relationship of these to that of an architect, a contractor, and an owner. Professor Karl Manheim and Allan Ides claim that â€Å"the separation among the branches is not and never was intended to be airtight†. Loyola Law School) The veto power is their proof in favor of this argument as it is evidence of â€Å"the executive exercising legislative power†. One might also consider the CA governor’s power to proclaim a â€Å"special session† for action on specific subjects as another form of executive ‘control’ over the legislature. In summation, the legislature has th e power and the executive branch the responsibility to ‘preserve, protect, and defend’ the laws and constitution of the United States. Being vassals of the same master they finally do overlap in their service.

capitalsit world system essays

capitalsit world system essays For the past six hundred years a culture and a society, dedicated for the most part to development and trade as the ultimate source of well being, began to expand all over the world. In a great number of ways this development, capitalism, became the most successful culture and society Capitalism ascended as a successful social means. It was successful as it provided a more effective means of creating a surplus. This was an important feature for mankind. It proved to be an easier and more cost effective means of creating a surplus. Capitalism also allowed for the world system to function with their own states. This system of functioning encouraged the international market economy, which in turn established the success of capitalism. Such a market bestowed incentives which increased productivity all over the globe. Simultaneously a world separation of work made it easy for costs and benefits to be unequally The effects of such a division of labour were profound. It created a multilayered economic hierarchy. The hierarchies were divided into many sections, with each sector owning its own defining feature, and all were linked to one common feature. This was the exploitation of social classes. The wealthy employed labourers and often underpaid their labourers so that they might be able to reap maximum profits. Such racist inequalities and exploitation were used to justify the hindered commission of the proletariat. The world system continues to undergo a cycle of expansion. This trend has gained the support it requires from the notion that all societies, in order to be successful, need to conform to Capitalism continues to be increasingly effective. This is largely due to the belief the workers hold that the harder they work the more the stand to gain. Such workers also affirm ...

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Reflection paper - Essay Example Utilitarianism also points out the idea that the good thing to do is to maximize individual ability for making the whole world a better place. Therefore, impartiality proves to be appropriate in order to maximize pleasures. Utilitarianism also eliminates the idea of moral dilemma for as long as majority is happy on a certain action, then it is absolutely the right thing to do. A â€Å"Pokerface† could mean a person who is not honest about his real emotion or feeling and hiding it may be the best option so that nobody could know about it. Pokerface was coined from an actual poker card play, by which each opponent would not want to show a real expression of their face to others so that any hint about what cards they are holding may not be detected. This paragraph depicts the idea about deception which would be made possible if the girl would be able to successfully hide her real intention of deceiving the man. Achieving it seems would what make the girl happy. Wearing pokerface based on the song would maximize the girl’s pleasure. Based on utilitarianism, from the point of view of the girl, there would be no any moral dilemma, for as long as her move maximizes her happiness. However, from the perspective of the man who has been deceived, that might not ensure maximizing his happiness. For this reason, for as long as there is no majority who got the maximum pleasure, then utilitarianism would fail to tell us what is good or bad, but what is right would always mean subjective at this point. Applying this in the general context, we know for sure that the majority always has the authority over the minority if there would be maximum happiness generated by the former. However, provided that the minority has something more important point compared to the majority, up to what extent then does the latter hold over the former? Does following the majority would still ensure

Employment Law--- case study on Whitakers Fine Wines Limited Essay

Employment Law--- case study on Whitakers Fine Wines Limited - Essay Example The additional workload carried out by Adam was due to the implied duties of obedience and trust and confidence on Sarah and Whitakers respectively. A contract of employment is defined by s.230 (2) Employment Rights Act 1996, is subject to general principles of law of contract and comprises of express and implied terms. The express terms are agreed between the parties involved. The agreement can be either oral or written. On the other hand, implied terms can result from either the statute, courts’ interpretation of situations and duties imposed by the common law. It should be noted that unambiguous express terms in a written contract are generally acceptable and conclusive for instance, (Gascol Conventions V Mercer). Additionally, where an employee agrees to that particular term they are bound by it. The express terms cannot be ousted by implied terms. However, there are selected scenarios a precedent dictates implied Duty of Trust and Confidence can override an express term i f exercised unreasonably. Legal matters The Health and Safety at Work At of 1974 defines the basic structure of the workplace. According to the Act, employers have the duty to ensure that the safety, health, and welfare of their workers are assured as much as reasonably practicable. About safety and health, the Act demands that the working environment of all employees should pose no health risks and should be safe to the extent practicably possible. On the other hand, section 7 of the Act stipulates that the employee should cooperate with their employer and other persons in the performance of their duty as much as possible while taking reasonable care for their safety and that of others. Furthermore, the Employment Relations Act (section 44) stipulates that a worker retain the right not to be subjected to detriment because of an employer’s action or inaction. In the case of Adam, the company acted in a manner that may have the posed risk to Adam by subjecting him to overwork that resulted in his state of anxiety and depression. Furthermore, the company failed to act appropriately by not providing an adequate solution to Adam’s problem, which he articulated well in time. One leading cause of injury at the workplace relates to negligence as exemplified in Donoghue Vs Stevenson [1932] and Caparo Vs Dickman [1990] (Feinman, 2010). In this case, negligence appears to have been on the division of the company as it failed to respond appropriately to avoid risking Adam’s life. Adam seems not to have acted in negligence, as he appears to have taken his duty seriously. Apparently, express terms of the engagement did not contain any obligation on Adam’s part to take care for the role of the sick manager, leading to a breach of his employment rights. As observed in Jarrod v. North Devon NHS Primary Care Trust 2006, passing on the responsibility of the absent employee amounts to breach of employment regulations (Personnel Today 2006, para.4). Ad ditionally, the deliberation on the liability of the employer will illustrate the breach of implied terms, where only the employee seems to comply. Whereas his acceptance to serve in the role of the sick employee was voluntary, the management acted in negligence of the agreement that previously relied on the premise that the leave would take short (Cabrillo, 2007). Signs of negligence from the director and human resources officials emerge from the facts given in the case, which can directly relate to the