Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Analysis of Debates Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Debates - Research Paper Example Society never ceases to look down upon any person taking these plunges or walking those extra miles. These people are always watched from bay with half-squinted eyes. Nevertheless, far beyond confronting the frowning brows of the people gazing around, it is very important to listen to the call of one’s heart (Streitmatter 1-23). Since time immemorial, it has been an established fact that the union of opposite sexes is very important for the progression of any particular race. However, human mind has unfathomable depth and dark channels and abbeys where light of any logic or comprehension is very difficult to reach. A man might feel a physical affinity with a man, and a woman can also have the same kind of affection for another woman against the general convention prevalent in the society. If we examine the scriptures, literature and folklore thoroughly, it can be identified that mankind’s affinity towards the same sex has evolved steadily but in a very latent way. With the progress of civilization and so much of awareness of the importance of civil rights and human psychology, the time has come when people have chosen to discuss the issue at an open and broad forum where the marriages between the same-sex can be advocated and discussed without any kind of suppression. Thesis Statement This essay intends to analyze the thought that gay marriages should be accepted as a commonplace affair of the society. At the same time, the essay throws light on the myriad pros and cons associated with the legitimate ways of attaining the unification of two people belonging to the same sex. Gay Marriages and Its Sanctity Same-sex marriages are often coined in the local terminology as ‘gay marriages’. Etymologically, it is a legitimate union between two persons of the same biological sex. The supporters or the promoters of the gay marriages tend to refer to the same-sex marriages as marriage equality or equal marriage. Turning the pages of the history related to the legitimation of the same-sex marriages, we can observe that it is only very recent, i.e. during the first decade of the twenty-first century, that same-sex marriages were recognized, enacted and protected from the various legal cells across the world. The other noteworthy fact regarding the sanctification of the same-sex marriages took place in the very recent times, i.e. in the year 2013 itself. During the current calendar year, eleven countries across the globe and a few sub-national jurisdictions have allowed the legitimate union between couples of the same sex (Pratt). The complex question which is raised in the most recent times in different societies across the globe is that why there is a complete absence of legal sanctity and universal right pertaining to the gay marriages uniformly across the globe. The Western world is still a step ahead in this regard, and if focus is shifted towards the East and the oriental societies, the condition is pathetic, to say the least. In the current scenario, there are places where even the thought of marrying a person of the same gender can mercilessly take away one’s life. Clergy and church are also not behind any regulatory and theological bodies related to the condemnation of marriage of equality (Mulholland). For example, if a thorough light is shed on the article by Chrysovalantis P. Kefalas, it can be arguably asserted that marriage of equal

Monday, October 28, 2019

Slavery Essay Example for Free

Slavery Essay The way countries, nations or states act and base their policies on many times reflect what their past was like. This is very true in the case of Africa. The only problem is that Africa is said to have no history. This just means that Africa’s many cultures did not affect the way imperialists and other influences acted towards the huge continent. Everything was based on their interests and consequently this meant that the way of dealing with Africa in every way was based on Western traditionalists. To this we must answer the question how has the Western World affected Africa’s present stage and what must be done to undo what is wrong and hopefully correct this situation. Africa first played a role in Europe’s and the America’s history when the U. S. and Great Britain needed labor. They needed a lot of it and they needed it cheap. There was nothing cheaper than free labor. It would require an initial investment to African â€Å"leaders† but it paid off almost instantaneously. This is what we used to call slave trading. In around the 1860’s this became an illegal act. However, like any other crime, this trading could not be stopped entirely. British Naval ships were set up as blockades but sometimes Slaves were stored in spaces that were no higher than 12 inches so not all slave carrying boats could be stopped. In fact while the Navy stopped approximately 103,000 slaves from entering the slave force about 1. million entered it. Since this trade was illegal it was even more profitable than before. The slaves that were stopped from being shipped all the way west were being sent to Freetown, Sierra Leone and Monrovia, Liberia and they were called recaptives. These were towns set up by the British and some liberal Americans to send former slaves and recaptives back to their home continent.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Internet Legislation :: essays research papers fc

With the recent popularity of the Internet many topics concerning it have hit main street media. One of these topics is legislation to control its certain aspects. Legislation is now one of the feuded discussions when it comes to the Internet, and through my report I hope to shed some light on this topic of conterversy. The Internet by definition is an international web of interconnected government, education, and business computer networks--in essence, a network of networks. A person at a computer terminal or personal computer with the proper software communicates across the Internet by placing data in an Internet Protocol (IP) packet--an electronic envelope--and "addressing" the packet to a particular destination on the Internet. Communications software on the intervening networks between the source and destination networks. And these collections of networks linking millions of servers (computers) together, where in essence one computer can access info from another. The Internet was first formed in the lats 60's by the military as a form of communication incase of nuclear attack. Just recently in 1984 is when it was first opened to the everyday consumer as a form of communication. After a few years of mild aknowledgement of its assistance, From a thousand or so networks in the mid- 1980s, the Internet has grown to an estimated 30,000 connected networks in 1994 with about 25 million people having access to it. it all of a sudden boomed with popularity with networks expanding at an exponential rate. And with the networks came multi billionaire business such as American Online. Along with information the Internet has links to other more unmoral forms of entertainment, on of these is pornography, "porn" of the past few years has taken up more than one half of the web pages on the Internet (about 4Â ¼ out of 10 web pages are porn) a number which has caused much dismay with users and nonusers alike. Those who support porn on the Internet say its with in there rights and everybody should have access to it. But parents are afraid that the Internet carries a large number of minor users who with almost no Internet experience can access porn. Only Legislation that currently exsists is We start with the federal Communications Decency Act of 1996, a controversial piece of legislation signed into law by President Clinton on February 8, 1996, and now under legal challenge by the American Civil Liberties Union and others.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Computer Processors :: essays research papers fc

Processors: Which is the best ?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A processor is the chip inside a computer which carries out of the functions of the computer at various speeds. There are many processors on the market today. The two most well known companies that make processors are Intel and AMD. Intel produces the Pentium chip, with the most recent version of the Pentium chip being the Pentium 3. Intel also produces the Celeron processor (Intel processors). AMD produces the Athlon processor and the Duron processor (AMD presents).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Processor speeds are measured in megahertz (MHz) and now come in speeds of up to 1000 MHz (1 GHz), which is very fast. This is almost ten times faster than the speed of most home computers, which average from 133 MHz to 166 MHz. Intel and AMD have been in a race to break the 1 GHz speed barrier, and the number of megahertz in the newest processors is not as significant as it was in earlier processors. For example, the difference between a 133 MHz processor and a 166 MHz processor is rather large, but the difference between a 533 and a 566 is barely noticeable. This is because the companies are becoming more concerned about the number of megahertz in a processor that the actual speed is not keeping up with the megahertz number (AMD/Intel).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So, which processor is the best? It depends on what the computer is being used for. The AMD Athlon processor is the best processor when it comes to 3D games and handles games quite well (Athlon Processor Quotes). The Pentium 3 processor is not quite as good at handling games. From personal experience with a Celeron 566 processor, the Celeron does not do a very good job at handling 3D games and will often freeze during a game, but otherwise is a very good processor. The Pentium 3 is the best processor for handling office applications, but the Celeron and the AMD do a good job as well. In consideration of the price, the Celeron processor is the best priced processor and offers good performance (P3 vs. Celeron 2). The Celeron is about half the price of the Pentium 3 processor (P3 vs Celeron 2).

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Impact of Trade on East Asia and South Asia Essay

East Asia and South Asia was similar in that it promoted economic development in both regions and transformed port cities of both regions into cosmopolitan centers, but differed in that it helped with the establishment of Buddhism in China while it helped with the establishment of Islam in India. The impact of trade on East Asia and South Asia was similar in that it promoted economic development in both regions. In East Asia, the Grand Canal, a series of connected waterways, linked together north and south China. As northern and southern China traded rice and other food crops, the larger economy of China improved and grew. In South Asia, northern and southern India traded spices, metals, and specialized crops that were not available throughout India. As northern and southern India traded, the south prospered and experienced a surge in economic development. Trade promoted economic development in both East Asia and South Asia because they both traded within their region and outside of it, obtaining profit and wealth, along with goods. The impact of trade on East Asia and South Asia was similar in that it transformed port cities of both regions into cosmopolitan centers. As China traded, Arab, Persian, and Malay merchants settled within its region. The merchants settled in port cities, such as Guangzhou and Quanzhou, which turned into cosmopolitan centers. As India traded, Muslim, Jewish, and other merchants began to dwell within the subcontinent. The brokers became residents at port cities, such as Calicut, which developed into cosmopolitan societies. Trade transformed port cities in both East Asia and South Asia into cosmopolitan centers because they both had thriving commercial centers where merchants moved to in search of business opportunities. The impact of trade on East Asia and South Asia differed in that it helped with the establishment of Buddhism in China while it helped with the establishment of Islam in India. Buddhism diffused into China along trade routes. Merchants set up Buddhist communities in China, such as Dunhuang, helping it gain a foothold in society. Islam spread into India as merchants traded and settled in the region. As they settled in cities, such as Cambay, they spread Islam into Indian society. Trade helped with the establishment of Buddhism in China, but helped with Islam in India because Muslim merchants traveled to South Asia due to its trade centers and relative proximity, while Buddhist merchants traveled to East Asia in search of trade opportunities outside of India. From 600 to 1450 CE, the influence of trade on East Asia and South Asia was similar in that it encouraged economic growth in both areas and helped with the development of port cities into cosmopolitan centers in both regions, but differed in that it promoted the establishment of Buddhism in China while it promoted the establishment of Islam in India.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Strategy and international management Honda motors The WritePass Journal

Strategy and international management Honda motors Introduction Strategy and international management Honda motors IntroductionReferences:Related Introduction This essay is about the potential objective of the multinational company of entry in to the new market for expanding business and maximizing profit in new explored market, and will highlights possible insinuation of a global company in host country economy. In this essay Auto car manufacturing Company will be critically highlighted that why multinational auto manufacturing company expands business to other regions and discover new market places and what are the grounds behind that step. The chosen company for this critical essay is Honda Motors. Before discussing Honda motors foreign direct investment (FDI), its motives of investing abroad from its home country, and the home country policies regarding FDI. It is vital to provide company background first and its history. Honda is sustaining a global point of view, and is devoted in supplying products of the uppermost excellence keeping in view a reasonable price for worldwide buyer’s satisfaction. Honda Motor Company Limited is possibly best branded as an auto maker. Among the car manufacturing companies in Japan Honda is second and fifth biggest and successful car manufacturing company in the world. Today Honda is renowned for its innovation, excellence, well-built and advanced engineering which combine to get the best possible output in auto market and that is the reason why Honda has strong image among leading car manufacturing companies. Honda is a Japan based company, which has made its name in the manufacturing of cars in very short period of time. Honda Motor Company was founded by Soichiro Honda and his partner, Takeo Fujisawa (Source, www.honda.com). Innovative strength of mind is obvious in the absolute name of their business, which is  Honda  Technology Research Institute Compan y Limited. Honda is considered to be the primary producer of engines across the world in terms of the complete volume of the engines it manufactures annually. Honda endeavoured into the Japanese  car industry  after 1960 with the T360 (Source, www.honda.com). In this essay I will focus Honda Motors investment in Pakistan. Honda Atlas Cars Pakistan Limited is a mutual enterprise between Honda Japan Motors and the Atlas Group Pakistan. Honda Company was established in 1992 and combined agreement was signed in 1993. The inauguration ceremony was held on 17th of April 1993 and within a very small time of 11 months, construction and erection of machinery was completed. Honda invested in Pakistan because of numerous reasons which can be called the perfect location for investment. As per Dunning the location, owner specific and internalisation advantages are three basic fundamentals for multinational company to invest across the border. Pakistan got strategic importance because of its prominent geography. Indian Ocean on one side and very close of Persian Gulf which is very significant for trade import and export purpose. Pakistan is like a gate way for Middle East, for Central Asia to China and India. Pakistan is at number 9 with a population of 140 million, so it is clear that Pakistan has got a vast market and around 40 million hard working cheap labour. Road and rail infrastructure of Pakistan is reasonable well dev eloped and it is developing time by time. Because of its link with Persian and Arabian Sea export processing zone is working from 1980 and because of large demand three more export processing zones have started working in Sialkot, Risalpur and Saindak. Honda invested in Pakistan because Pakistani economy usually showed sensitivity and possible aptitude to convene exogenous blows and minimize risk (Source:- www.unescap.com). Pakistan got very strategic place in term of foreign direct investment (FDI) as per economic survey of Pakistan FDI is increasing from 2006-2007 from 6 billion US dollar which is almost 48% higher than last year. According to figures there are around 3.9 million auto cars on the roads of Pakistan, and the demands for vehicles individually and combined are increasing rapidly, and prominent figure is calculated of 300,000 as an annual demand. Multinational companies from Japan, Europe and Korea have invested around 1.5 billion dollars in Auto industry of Pakistan (Source:- www.unescap.com). It is the matter of fact that developed markets drench with the passage of time, keeping this point companies still want to preserve expansion. Honda keeps a strong point of expanding their business to areas which are less saturated. Most of the certain saturated markets may welcome variety from other developed economies and companies attempt to invest in those markets to capture market share. Pakis tan government has eased up the investment policy environment foreign private investment. For welcoming and encouraging foreign direct investment in export-oriented industries, an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) is set up in Karachi. The government of Pakistan has also ratify a wide set of investment incentives including credit facilities, fiscal incentives, and visa policy. Foreign controlled manufacturing companies exporting 50% or more of their production can now borrow working capital without any limit. Other foreign-controlled manufacturing companies including those not exporting and selling in the domestic market can borrow rupee loans equal to their equity without prior permission of the State Bank of Pakistan. Foreign investment in Pakistan is sheltered through the Constitution (Article 24) as well as through specific laws. Section 8 of the Protection of Economic Reforms Act 1992 provides legal cover to foreign investment in Pakistan. Honda established its unit in Pakistan due to several factors which they believe that will maximise their profit by investment abroad like abundant low cost land and natural resources, vast cheap and technical working people, increasing local market, reasonably developed infrastructure and important and critical location. As According to Dunning (2008) company invest abroad because of suitable climate, proximity to relevant markets, availability of raw materials and minerals, and availability of low cost advantages such as cheap labour. Honda invests overseas to lessen revelation to one market. This gives Honda international diversification and leads to benefits for Honda. As the global economy changes over the time and recession is affecting one area some time another economy in different region is practicing a boom, so operating in different countries instability can be less experienced by companies. According to Dunning (2008), It has to be more gainful for the company to develop its resources in overseas, rather than in domestic, locations. Honda chose site in Lahore, Honda current location in Lahore Pakistan is near to Allama Iqbal International Airport Lahore which can be easily and affordably accessed adding to this it can be easily access from motorway which connect main cities of Pakistan and nearly 90 km from Faisalabad international dry port.   Honda is enjoying economical delivery of cars with its well managed delivery set-up all over Pakistan. Pakistan government policies are very much in favour for investors of auto makers to invest in Pakistan. Honda invested huge amount of investment in Pakistani market so that to get more benefit and capturing more international reputation from the cheapest cost of production in Pakistan economy, as there is availability of cheap and skilled labour as it is fact that companies with labour intensive production processes have a larger incentive to invest overseas and thus benefit from these cost efficiencies. T his gives host country many advantages like increase in export, boost in economy and linkage with other countries. According to Lipsey (2002), FDI has a great influence on any host country economy and increases the interaction of countries and export from the host country increases as well. Customers who are interested in new models are manufactured in the local country (Japan) and as well as manufactures in Pakistan, is another, verdict weighty factor and gives a extra advantage to Honda FDI policy. Dunning (2000), said that market seeking factor is appropriate in the FDI decision making process. One of the reasons why Honda invests abroad is diversification. By diversifying, it reduces risk and by diversifying worldwide, one can reduce the risk further. International investing provides investors the opportunity to spread risks over more than one market. Due to rise in oil prices that increases transportation cost of vehicles from one country to other country so the prices of impor ted vehicles are normally are very high than the cars which are manufactured and assembled in home country. Honda is enjoying this case by establishing its manufacturing and assembling unit in host country as to maximise its markets shares and reduce risk. High import duties make imported cars prices higher and unaffordable. Market saturation and increased competition at home have lead automakers to the evident termination that future growth will occur in investing abroad where population is more and where the demand of cars is much. Honda motors have domination over its firm specific advantages and can exploit them abroad, ensuing in a higher trivial return or lower trivial cost than its opponents, and thus in more profit. This was said by Cantwell (2000), that advantage in technology might be used to increase international expansion and this can be motivating factor as well for companies. The subsistence of a particular know-how or core ability is an asset that can give rise to ec onomic rents to Honda. These rents are gathering by Honda by licensing the Firm Specific Advantages to another firm, exporting products using Specific Advantages as an input, or amendment subsidiaries abroad. Honda has its unbeaten technological power and innovation in their manufacturing and this makes it the successful car manufacturing company in the competition. There were and still there are competitors for Honda in Pakistan as some companies started well before than Honda in Pakistan, they know how the market and environment is. According to Hymer’s (1966), to compete in the overseas market foreign companies must possess some kind of advantage. Such advantage can be of many different types, but the most obvious is size and market power.  Ã‚  A business intend to build up a firm precise advantage in international market and development tends to be completed in the market because of localisation feature like trading hurdles, expensive carrying costs, company mostly adop t this criteria by investing out from its home country in their own services to a certain extent than through, let take a example of a licensing or agreements. The more insubstantial the company exact advantage is much stronger that propensity would be. To do business with intangible assets are very tricky and difficult to handle. There is some significant argument is that transnational corporation exist because information crossways boundaries can be moved much powerfully in the corporation rather than among independent industry, the reason is not of market collapse. That extracted that in common intangible asset can be taken as a demanded asset, but can rarely be separated from the company itself and it is impossible to be taken as a community good (Source, www.ousest.com). As the oil prices are increasing day by day so to afford heavy cars are getting tougher so trends towards small and local manufactured cars are increasing and that is the reason why Pak Suzuki Motors enjoys a domination in the car market with 40.2% of car market share and Honda has 14.7% of market share and trying its level best by deploying the new and advanced technology to its cars with affordable price (Source:- www.ousest.com). Honda has transferred nearly all its advanced technology to the unit working in Pakistan so that to facilitate the customers with innovation and advance technology with low prices as exporting cars from Japan to Pakistan becomes more expensive and unaffordable for buyers to grab the car of their dream and also buyers tends to buy relative cheap and locally manufactured and assembled cars so to reduce the factor of losing customers Honda makes sure that market must be in hand by investing more in host country. According to Dunning firm must have some owner ship advantages to penetrate in any country and capturing the market through that ownership advantages. Initially Honda was emphasizing on investments in countries where political situation were stable and government policies were in favour of foreign investment to reduce barriers in their investment and returns, Pakistan political matters were never been much stable but the policies and climate are always in a favour of foreign investment, Honda neglected the political factor and invested hugely in Pakistan to capture the uprising car market of Pakistan. This showed the interest of Honda as an active market seeking FDI. Economic prosperity is the main ingredient to the country’s progress and advancement. Foreign investment gives the strong base for economic development.   FDI added notably in the human resources development, capital formation, and organizational and managerial skills of the people in the country. One of the positive spillover effects was that the occurrence of foreign firm helps in enlargement infrastructure facilities, which makes it easier and profitable for local firms to crowd-in (Lemi, 2004). In developing countries like Pakistan FDI is helpful to narrow down the Saving-Investment gap. The economic benefits of FDI were extensive ranging, it unlock new opportunities of knowledge, transfer of technology, training of manpower, market networking and externalities in the host countries. The potential advantages of the FDI on the host economy are it facilitates the use and utilization of local raw materials, it bring in modern techniques of management and marketing, it eases the access to new technologies, Foreign inflows could be used for financing current account deficits, it increases the stock of human capital via on the job training. The local ventures are able to learn by watching if the economic structure is suitable (Bhagwati, 1994) also it stimulates the investment in RD (Calvo and Robles, 2003). Although there is huge positive impact of FDI on host country economy there is some negative implication that results due to FDI. Often seen that host country faces problems with FDI, government has less control over the foreign companies which are operating in the country and this results in not adopting the economic policies of the host country. Defence of the country has to face some risk due to incoming foreign investment. Foreign firms deploy its home country policies in the host country firm which sometimes are not suitable for the workers of the host country. Inflation rate increases in a considerable amount in host country. One of the main negative impacts of FDI is that the economically backward section of the host country is always inconvenienced when the stream of foreign direct investment is negatively affected (Source:- economywatch). Honda is providing advanced and innovated cars to the its customers mostly in affordable price and playing important role in the economy of the country as well. Honda investment resulted not only in maximizing their profit but resulted in opening of thousands of jobs and also pays taxes to the government. Honda successful investment and increase in profit motivated other companies to invest in Pakistan which will be again beneficial to locals and to government. But going to the depth of Honda investment, Honda is getting more than their investment but Honda is still not able to provide more employment opportunities by expanding their units to other cities in Pakistan. Although the unit is fully working in Pakistan but still car prices are not in a range of middle class community which could be in affordable price if Honda management reduces a small percentage from their profit. Highly technical staffs are still called from Japan and avoiding local technical staffs to remain where the y are, Honda must send host country technical staff to trainings abroad so that human resource of host country can go further up in the company making more opportunity for others. This will in return reduces Honda cost and will be helpful for host country human resource. References: Bhagwati, J.N. (1994), â€Å"Free trade: Old and new challenges†, Economic Journal, 104, pp.231-246. Cantwell. J. (2000). A survey of theories of international production:   the Nature of the transitional firm, London: Routledge. Dunning, J.H. (2000). â€Å"The Eclectic Paradigm as an Envelope for Economic and Business Theories of MNE Activity†, International Business Review,9, pp. 163-190. Dunning electic paradigm, information available ousest.com/internalis, accessed on 4th March 2011. Hymer, H. (1979). The Multinational Corporation: a Radical approach, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. Information available on www.ousest.com, website accessed on 21st April 2011. Information available on www.honda.com, website accessed on 2nd March 2011. Information available on   adb.org, website accessed on 22ndFebuary 2011 Information available on www.dawn.com, website accessed on 1st March 2011. Information available on www.honda.com.pk, website accessed on 2nd March 2011. Information available on www.economywatch.com, accessed on 5th March 2011. Investment Policy, Information available on www.sbp.gov.pk, accessed on 5th March 2011.  ·Ã‚  Information available on www.unescap.org/tid/publication/part_two2223_pak.pdf, accessed on 7th April 2011.  ·Ã‚  Information available on ousest.com/transact.html, accessed on 7th April 2011. Lemi, A. (2004).â€Å"Foreign Direct Investment, Host country productivity and export: The case of US and Japanese multinational affiliates†, Journal of Economic Development, 29. Lipsey, R. E. (2002). â€Å"Home and Host country effects of FDI†, NBER Working Paper No W92923, available on www.ssrn,com, accessed on 27thFebuary 2011. Pakistan Research Repository, information available on www.eprints.hec.gov.pk, accessed on 1st March 2011. .

Monday, October 21, 2019

Dialectic and Spectacle in the Harrowing of Hell Essays

Dialectic and Spectacle in the Harrowing of Hell Essays Dialectic and Spectacle in the Harrowing of Hell Medieval Literary Drama Dialectic and Spectacle in the Harrowing of Hell Roland Barthes's essay on "The World of Wrestling" draws analogically on the ancient theatre to contextualize wrestling as a cultural myth where the grandiloquence of the ancient is preserved and the spectacle of excess is displayed. Barthes's critique which is above all a rewriting of what was to understand what is is useful here insofar as it may be applied back to theatre as another open-air spectacle. But in this case, not the theatre of the ancients, but the Middle English pageant presents the locus for discussing the sport of presentation, or, if you prefer, the performance of the sport. More specifically, what we see by looking at the Harrowing of Hell the dramatic moment in the cycle plays that narratizes doctrinal redemption more graphically than any other play in the cycle as spectacle offers a matrix for the multiple relationships between performance and audience and the means of producing that performance which, in turn, necessarily produces the audience. The implications of the spectacle could sensibly be applied to the complete texts of the cycle plays, and perhaps more appropriately to the full range of the pageant and its concomitant festivities. The direction of pseudo-historical criticism, especially of the Elizabethan stage, certainly provides a well-plowed ground for advancing the festive and carnivalesque inherently present in the establishment and event of theater. Nevertheless, my discussion here is both more limited and more expansive: its limits are constructed by the choice of an individual play recurrent through the four extant manuscripts of what has come to be called the Corpus Christi plays; its expansion is expressed through a delivery that aims to implicate the particular moment of this play in the operations of a dominant church-state apparatus, which is, ostensibly, a model of maintaining hegemony in Western culture. The Harrowing provides a singular instance in which the mechanisms of control of the apparatus appear to extend and exploit their relationship with the audience (i.e. congregation). The play is constructed beyond the canonized operations of the sacred, originating a narrative beyond (yet within) the authorized vulgate; it is constructed only through church authority yet maintains the divinely instituted force of the orthodox doctrine. Two introductory instances, one from the Chester cycle and the other from the Towneley cycle, situate the narrative and event of the play as a spectacle which engages the possibility of being consumed by its historical and particular mass culture a culture which was primarily illiterate in both the official and the vernacular writings of the church and being understood within the hegemonic orthodoxy. The introductory speech in the Chester Plays (The Cooke's Play) describes a previous knowledge that Adam as representative for a fallen humanity apprehends exactly at the moment he articulates his speech: Nowe, by this light that I nowe see, joye ys come, lord, through thee, and one thy people hast pittye to put them out of payne. Similarly, though now through Jesus's self-proclamation, the introduction in the Towneley cycle reveals the already known nature of its narrative: A light will thay haue To know I will com sone; My body shall abyde in gaue Till all this dede be done. The doubled "nowe" of Adam's speech and the perfected futurity of Jesus's speech dictate a time before narrative. By expressing the nature of narrative to be known and that the outcome of the particular battle which is hardly a battle between Satan and Jesus is already determined, both Adam's and Jesus's speeches establish a code for participating in the festival. The audience is relegated within this code beyond the activity of interpretation; they are placed outside of the hermeneutic circle. Instead of calling for interpretation, the play calls for consumption, which means, in this case, to view the spectacle. The public then is subordinated to its own activity of visualization its own sense of perception to gain access to the operations of the festival. At this point of subordination to the visual, the audience's motives, according to Barthes's description of the effects of the spectacle, are extinguished: The public is completely uninterested in knowing whether the contest is rigged or

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Free sample - Modern religious faiths characteristics. translation missing

Modern religious faiths characteristics. Modern religious faiths characteristicsModern religious faiths characteristics Today, millions of people worship various religions around the globe. Two of the major religions in the world are Hinduism and Judaism and they have coexisted for very many years. Whereas they are similar in the way they set their morals and rules, they differ in their believes on the afterlife and on where they started from. While the Jews believe of the heaven as their afterlife, Hindus have a belief that one is reincarnated until he/she reaches the Brahma. Jews have a belief that if one did right in everything while on earth, then they shall expend the eternity in Heaven with their God. Bhaskarananda, 1994 argues that Hindus have believed in Karma which is the faith that if you do good things, then excellent things shall come about to you and vice versa. When one dies in Hinduism, he/she reaches the Brahma where the hurting cycle of rebirth is lastly ended. In Judaism one is supposed to lead a good life and to be kind to each and everyone. If one attains success at this, he/she will lead the whole of eternity in heaven with God. The Jews, adore only one god, who they trust to be the one and only creator and the ruler. Hindus endorse and believe in the Caste System, which is interrelated with their view on reincarnation. Jews necessarily lack this system because they do not characteristically concur with the thought of reincarnation, despite the fact that there are a few, the structure does not subsist as a major thing to this religion. Jews do not have an exact method of steady body discipline, to remain on the unchanged focus as their god, they do something to some extent the same. This is how they pray their God. For Hindus, Yoga is practiced, which is intended to bring their bodies and their souls on the same level and conveys them nearer to the Ultimate Being. According to Hinduism, remaining pure in life and keeping a good karma, as a result of their good dealings on earth is the key to staying a good life. Those who live both socially and morally pure, they get to have their way upwards the Caste System in their after that incarnation. After some reincarnations, the Hindus may accomplish their ultimate goal, which is to achieve faultless peace of mind, and to be one with Brahma. This happens when they have gone through a life having done no mistakes, and have been â€Å"perfect† in essence. In Judaism an individual endeavors to relate well with their god. Throughout their single life that they go through, they have a trust in God, â€Å"both love him, and reverently fear him† (Louis, 2007. Pg 511), and to establish a close relationship with him. This is their supreme objective. When they achieve such, â€Å"They will be rewarded by God, the messiah will come, and the dead will be resurrected† (Louis, 2007. Pg 511). T he religions most likely wanted its faction to believe in these, for the reason that it gave them something to look ahead to, and it presented them with grounds to be good throughout their life. According to Robert in his anthology of world scriptures, the Hindus have a somewhat unique view on death. Someone who dies, if they are not yet entirely pure, they are reincarnated into another incarnation. This helps them continue their path to ultimate peace and unification with the Ultimate Being (Bhaskarananda, 1994). If a Hindu has no black marks on his soul, and is absolutely pure, they may find this ultimate peace and unification. Their soul will no longer remain in a human body/vessel, but will be one with Brahma. The Jewish view on death is that it’s not something to grieve over, because it is all part of Gods plan, so their time of death, even if it may seem untimely, was planned, and timed perfectly. If the person led a good life, they can look forward to a nice afterlife, similar to the Christian Heaven, but not exactly the same. As they all know that a good person is going to a good place when they die, the death of another is not typically a sad occasion, but th ere may be grieving, in which there is a set process so a mourner can slowly return to a normal life. So after looking at both Hinduism and Judaism, which are some of our oldest popular religions, we can conclude that they are both indeed different. They differ a lot in some of the greater points, such as their 3 main focuses of their religion, their goal of life, and their views on death and dying. As we saw though, these could be somewhat similar in that their goal of life was closely intertwined with their views of death and dying. Though, they are typically different, otherwise. This shows that the religions, Hinduism and Judaism, are some of the most differing religions, as well as some of the most ancient. Robert in his anthology of world scriptures informs that Hinduism was started in India while Judaism started in Israel many years later. The Aryans were the first of the Indian people to establish the Vedas which formed the foundations of the Hindu as a religion. Every law that followed as well as the moral standards of Hinduism was founded off of the Vedas. In Israel just about 3000 B.C.E. people started worshiping God, and live according to the teachings of Moses. Torah, their holy book, comprised of various writings that were supposedly prepared by Moses throughout his 950 year life. These books have teachings about the same moral standards such as; don’t kill, steal, or commit adultery. Most probably, these religions started off where and in the way they did, for the reason that the governments required a way to maintain their people in line, so they came up with these standards and rules by which people could live by. While these two religions differ in some way, they have some similarities like in how they have some particular rules that must be obeyed by their followers who must do so to get to Nirvana. Each of these religions has got guild lines that state what one should do to appease their gods or God and how to be a good person. All of these rules and guild lines have been put down in their holy books; the Vedas and the Torah. These religions most probably had rule books to ensure that the people went by the accurate path and carried out the correct things in life so as to get to a happy and eternal afterlife. Judaism and Hinduism have several differences based on their origins and on their ideas of an afterlife, but they also have some similarities in the way they share laid down regulations that their faction ought to live by. These two religions have got a massive impact on the contemporary, for the reason that they are still put into practice by millions of people across the globe. They educate people how to lead truthful life, and how to be good to other people while they live on Earth. All interviews were done in person with two active members of Judaism and Hinduism. The chosen members are all youthful followers of the two religions respectively. The Hindu is a young man of age 24 years, single, staunch follower of Hinduism as a religion and studying in an American university. Here below are the questions I asked and responses from the young man: 1) What is your religious denomination? Well, I am a part of the Hinduism religion. 2) For how long have you practiced Hinduism? I was born into Hinduism as I was born in India. 3) State three tenets of your religion? The three I can think of off the top of my head is Brahmin, Brahna, and Reincarnation. 4) Who was the founding father Hinduism? The founder of my religion is not known and even the date it started is also not known. 5) What do you love about your religion? I love the fact that my religion is very old. The Orthodox Judaism is a university male student, 23years of age, single, and not a strong follower of Orthodox Judaism as a religion. My face-to-face interview with him ensued into the following discussion: 1) What is your religious denomination? Well, I am an Orthodox Judaism. 2) What is the difference between Christianity and Judaism? In Christianity Jesus is worshiped as the messiah, while Judaism doesn't. Also, Judaism believes in the Old Testament while Christianity believes in the New Testament. 3) Do you people believe that Jesus really existed or do you believe that his being was fictionalized? Our belief is that Jesus existed. In fact, Jesus was a Jew himself! 4) You just decide not to worship him? There is no reason for us to worship Jesus, who is just another man. Actually we are taught that he wasn’t such a good man. 5) So what you mean is that Mary the virgin was not actually a virgin? Hehe! Hehe, that’s not what I was getting to. I really know little about Jesus, but I know of him to do very un-Jew-like dealings. I don’t want to offend you man, so I am avoiding getting into so much detail about Jesus. Works cited: Bhaskarananda, Swami. â€Å"The Essentials of Hinduism: a comprehensive overview of the world's oldest religion† Seattle, WA: Viveka Press, 1994. Louis. "Judaism." In Fred Skolnik. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 11 (2d Ed.). Farmington Hills,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mich.: Thomson Gale.2007, p. 511. Mary Pat Fisher, Living Religion 7TH edition Robert E. Van Voorst, Anthology of World Scriptures 8th Edition Jacobs,

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Audit Sampling Case Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Audit Sampling Case Memo - Essay Example : (1) the existence of the inventory; (2) the rights or obligations of inventory; (3) the completeness of the inventory as stated in the balance sheet; (4) the valuation of inventory on hand, and whether it is presented according to GAAP along with (5) the presentation or disclosure of inventories in the financial statements (Whittington & Pany, 2006). RF= the reliability factor for the specified risk of incorrect acceptance. This is taken from figure 13-5 in Boynton & Johnson (2010), and for a risk of incorrect acceptance of 37% as listed, the reliability factor is 1.0. EF= the expansion factor for anticipated misstatement. This is obtained from figure 13-6 in Boynton & Johnson (2010). With a risk of incorrect acceptance at 37%, the expansion factor is given as 1.15. In Boynton & Johnson (2010), the risk of incorrect acceptance is listed at 37%. There are scenarios that would explain why 37% is chosen instead of higher or lower percentages. An important element mentioned by Whittington & Pany (2006) is the level of overall audit risk. Audit risk is based on the following formula: Audit risk (AR) is the overall allowable audit risk that a material misstatement will remain undetected. Inherent risk (IR) is a risk of a material misstatement in the financial statements, assuming a company had no internal controls. Control risk (CR) is the risk that a material misstatement could occur in an assertion and will not be detected by internal control. Detection risk (DR) is the risk that the auditors’ substantive testing will not find a material misstatement (Whittington & Pany, 2006). The setting of the risk of incorrect acceptance at 37% is not an exact science. If circumstances arise where auditors place inherent risk and control risk at high levels, and do not engage in other tests of the balance assertion, then the risk of incorrect acceptance would have to be set at a low level. However if a decrease in inherent risk or control risk occurs, then a

Friday, October 18, 2019

H.W Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

H.W - Essay Example The view incorporating God and man forms the basis of all Lockean theories. John Locke’s major justification of property rights emphasizes effort or labor. In the initial portion of his treatise on property he uses the concept labor to anchor his arguments. However, by the end it is obvious that Locke supports the unrestricted accretion of wealth. The major flaw in Locke’s approach to labor is that in the real world, some people may inherit property, thus being born to ownership and property – the concept of the ‘fruits of labor’ does not arise here. On the other hand, others, often the majority of the population in most societies, may be born into the working class. The inheritor of property often not only owns the property, but also the labor of the worker, as well as the product produced by the worker. Another valid criticism of Locke’s theory concerns his ‘sufficiency’ proviso, wherehe states that individuals can own property only if there is enough to go around. What happens when, as in the world today with its burgeoning population, there are not enough resources to meet even basic needs and there are huge disparities between the haves and have-nots? Next, Locke seems to imply that only those who work can own property – what of people who are physically or mentally handicapped? Finally. Locke also propagates the idea that those who arrive first to make use of unowned land have not just rights over the land, but also the right to bestow ownership of that land to their children. This concept only serves to perpetuate a class structure and emphasize distinctions between those classes. John Lockes theories, and in particular his theory of property rights, must be appreciated in the context of the thinker’s political affiliations. Part of his effort was to justify English colonialist policies as he was

Al Qaidas Major Domestic Attack on the United States Research Paper

Al Qaidas Major Domestic Attack on the United States - Research Paper Example This includes the recent attack on U.S. embassy in Yemen and evidence proves the involvement of the Al-Qaida group in the attack (Ghobar and Blair 2012). The Al-Qaida group has been reignited by the launch of film â€Å"The Muhammad† and has openly announced increase in terrorist attacks against the US (Hasni 2012) Many researchers and analyst, studying Al-Qaida’s strategies and threats, forecasted that the death of their former leader Osama Bin Ladin, would be the major setback for the group. Unfortunately, this prediction turns out to be false as the strength of the Al-Qaida group does not look to shrink, with their new leader and new strategies (Geltzer 2010). After the death of Al-Qaida’s former leader and administrator, members of the group started spreading in different European countries with fake nationality, to escape from the US invasion in Afghanistan and Iran (Hollywood, Synder, Mckat, Boon 2004). Al-Qaida’s movement in South Asian countries, have also been reported, giving signs of their flexibility to change, with regard to the situation. So even now, they should be considered as a serious threat as they do not look to settle down or get weaken (Geltzer 2010). Joshua Geltzer, in his book highlights key factors, which have nailed in the Al-Qaida troop. This includes killing of Osama Bin Ladin, the most prominent figure of this group and the mastermind behind most attacks made by the Al-Qaida (Geltzer 2010). In addition, US army has been successful in tracing down locations of Al-Qaida’s members worldwide and eradicating them from the face of the earth. Moreover, their funds of around $140 million and a large number of weapons have been captured (Geltzer 2010). And they have been forced to leave their homeland in Afghanistan, from where they used to meet and plan their terrorist activities. But despite all these factors, Al-Qaida still stands as a big threat to Western or Non-Islamic countries, especially the U.S.A (Khalsa 2004).   

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Analysis of the president campaign through market research possess Essay - 1

Analysis of the president campaign through market research possess - Essay Example In the process, they will also be able to choose the electors who will represent their respective states in the Electoral College. With just around 30 days left to the U.S presidential elections, it is important to analyze the presidential campaign of each of the main presidential contenders using a market research analysis process. This paper will also discuss the main voter constituencies as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the presidential candidate before finally predicting the winner. The primary objective of this market research analysis is to develop a logical interpretation of the data regarding the potential electoral victory of any of the two main presidential contenders in the forth coming elections. The analysis will also evaluate and measure the attitudes of voting behavior of the U.S population and finally use this analysis to predict the likely winner of the November 2012 presidential elections. The analysis of the presidential campaign using market research process was through a number of methods that sought to determine the opinion of both the U.S citizens and interested parties all over the world on the November 6 U.S presidential elections. One of the key methods used was online review of recent publications regarding the key issues of the forthcoming elections as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the top contenders. Another method that was employed was an analysis of the social media profiles of the two main candidates to provide important insights into what the voters and supporters are saying about them, as well as the likely key issues that may shape the forthcoming elections. The Twitter and Facebook account data of both president Obama and his top challenger Mitt Romney were closely followed and recorded as shown below (Summers 4). The data collected from both the social media analysis and the online literature review revealed a significant

Ecology paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ecology paper - Essay Example The focus of study in the article was to understand how invasive species, pathogens and disease vector affect human health and determine appropriate measures to reduce disease emergence. The study depicts that invasive species and infectious diseases have become prevalent and widespread because of the increased connectivity in human population. The connectivity in the current world has attributed to the disease outbreak. The new developed trade routes in the previously disconnected countries increase human interactions. Crowl et al., (2008) demonstrated that the enhanced transport systems such as airplanes have increased spread of pathogens. The invasive species has become the second contributing aspect to extinction and endangerment of species in the United States after the increased human population and related activities. The United States government spends almost 120 billion dollars to cater for the non-native species in the country (Crowl et al., 2008). The evidence used to support contrasting point of view was the explanation of the spread of the avian-dispersed H5N1 avian influenza disease worldwide. In-depth and integrated network of research platform was es sential in full understanding of the spread and impacts of the invasion species. The point of view that I most agreed with was the fact that modern technology such as airplanes contributes to the increasing spread of pathogens and invasive species. Most disease in the world emerges from a single area and spread to the entire world. The point became convincing because of the evidence given involving the spread of avian-dispersed H5N1 avian influenza disease. Other points of view in the article such as cause of non-native species extinction became less convincing because of lack of material evidence. Crowl, T. A., Crist T.O, Parmenter, R. R., Belovsky, G., & Lugo, A. E. (2008). The spread of invasive species and infectious disease as drivers of ecosystem change.

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Analysis of the president campaign through market research possess Essay - 1

Analysis of the president campaign through market research possess - Essay Example In the process, they will also be able to choose the electors who will represent their respective states in the Electoral College. With just around 30 days left to the U.S presidential elections, it is important to analyze the presidential campaign of each of the main presidential contenders using a market research analysis process. This paper will also discuss the main voter constituencies as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the presidential candidate before finally predicting the winner. The primary objective of this market research analysis is to develop a logical interpretation of the data regarding the potential electoral victory of any of the two main presidential contenders in the forth coming elections. The analysis will also evaluate and measure the attitudes of voting behavior of the U.S population and finally use this analysis to predict the likely winner of the November 2012 presidential elections. The analysis of the presidential campaign using market research process was through a number of methods that sought to determine the opinion of both the U.S citizens and interested parties all over the world on the November 6 U.S presidential elections. One of the key methods used was online review of recent publications regarding the key issues of the forthcoming elections as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each of the top contenders. Another method that was employed was an analysis of the social media profiles of the two main candidates to provide important insights into what the voters and supporters are saying about them, as well as the likely key issues that may shape the forthcoming elections. The Twitter and Facebook account data of both president Obama and his top challenger Mitt Romney were closely followed and recorded as shown below (Summers 4). The data collected from both the social media analysis and the online literature review revealed a significant

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Human issues in society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human issues in society - Essay Example Hannah Arendt’s article on the new guarantee was triggered by the resultant repercussion of the Second World War and the holocaust. Many people were left without a state identity and left as destitute refugees both in their original native countries and in foreign countries. Arendt believed strongly threat today’s political regimes are consequences of the political philosophies of the western traditions. She saw refugees as the bad fruits of the current political ideologies and hence she challenges the purpose and effectiveness of the current political practices and thoughts. By her moving away from the concept of inalienable or natural rights and focusing on the right of individual membership within a community for the purpose if human dignity, she instigates a favorable foundation for human rights. Why does human dignity needs a new political guarantee as proposed by Hannah Arendt and what necessitates the need? This essay therefore intends to investigate whether in t he light of totalitarianism human rights and dignity suffer compromise and hence project the reasons why human dignity needs a new guarantee Discussion In the article ‘Origin of totalitarianism’, Arendt reasons that the human dignity requires some guarantee and this is possible through new political principle. This is after the nineteenth century idea of peaceful cosmopolitan in the respect of human rights was destroyed. Arendt says that the state of being a refugee is best understood from different perspectives; physical, social and political displacement of an individual. The lack of a physical place to live in and settle defines displacement, asylum seeker and the refugee state of human beings. However, other aspects also come in handy such as the deprivation of an individual right to action and to freedom of opinion. The collective sum of the modern displacement and the degradation are what Arendt terms as ‘wordlessness’. She sighted the remedy to the s tate of wordlessness as being embedded on the need to revisit the foundations of ethics of human rights. This is because largely, liberal pieties on natural rights have lost credibility; understanding the incompatibility of national sovereignty with civic responsibility and human dignity have been hindered; as well as the importance of the citizens to understand their right in affording political empowerment being compromised. Arendt was triggered to study the issue due to an increase in refugees within Europe. The sovereign authority in the state embraced universal individual rights and national sovereignty. However, the sovereign states restricted people from acquiring citizenship or the right to entry into their territories. This is a contradiction of the liberal state’s sovereignty and universalism and thus denying citizenship to person or group of people or turning away refugees of other states is a wrong principle. She argues that such rights cannot be realized without the state acknowledgement to sovereign power and that a relationship abides between the state rights and individual rights. Refugees are thus the resultant product when the state rights and individual rights conflict (Cotter, para 5-6). The only way to understand the contradictions and failures of the current political thought and practice is by evaluating the experiences of the victims or

Personal Ethical Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Personal Ethical Dilemma Essay An international food party was conducted, during my sojourn in Japan as an exchange student. Since, I was the chairperson of the Korean language club; I ventured to prepare cheyookbogeum or Korean food for this party. I endeavored to do so only after consulting with the other members of the club and eliciting their opinion. Due to close collaboration between the club members, the venture depicted remarkable progress. During the course of preparing the food, I was constrained to decide whether to add MSG to the food. I had to undergo quite a bit of consternation regarding this decision, the party as such, was not all that big and this made me opt for the easy way out. However, I was not spared from having to scrutinize the situation precisely. The primary issue that I had to take into consideration was that addition of MSG to the food would improve its flavor and this would result in a larger number of people buying it. This would bring about a natural increase in profits, which would enable me to donate more money and provide incentives to the members who were making preparations for the party. Unfortunately, MSG does not promote good health and its prolonged use consumption could prove deleterious. In addition, if consumers came to know about having consumed MSG at a later date, they might develop a dislike for the food, which could even lead to their abstention from such food. Thus, by avoiding the addition of MSG, I would be behaving in an ethical manner, as I would have exhibited greater concern for the health of the consumer. Nevertheless, I could refrain from adding the MSG and promote the food as being prepared from solely fresh ingredients. Since, the flavor would not be all that appealing to the consumers; it would be difficult to realize profits. All the same, this food could be promoted as health food and then there might be a chance of making greater profits. All said and done, this issue was not of sufficient significance to affect the community. However, it provided me with an opportunity to adopt not only the perspective of a consumer but also that of a representative of the company. Moreover, I learned that one should take into account, long term perspectives, while taking decisions.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Human Resource Management at Mitchells and Butlers

Human Resource Management at Mitchells and Butlers For the completion of this assignment many of the resources have been used and analysed. Books for the libraries and information from the internet have been a major source of information. The data and the information have been collected from all the secondary sources. I have not used any primary source of information as personal interview or direct phone calls or have not taken any questionnaire approach. Internet has been a major source of information as most of the information has been acquired from the internet. Along with that, books related with the courses and the course book itself has been useful for the preparation of the assignment. Table of context Introduction of HRM, changing role of business Environmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.1 How HRM helps in productivityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.1-3 Psychological contractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦3-4 HR planning and Strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦4-8 Conclusionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦09 Referencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.10 Introduction Human resource management is about how to manage the people and their activities, which helps to mobilise the other resources like financial, social and technical etc. Human resource management is an idiosyncratic come within reach of to employment management which seeks to accomplish bloodthirsty improvement through the strategic exploitation of a highly unswerving and proficient work force using an incorporated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.(Storey, 1995) Basically there are three models in the HRM. These are as follows: According to hard model, HR policy should be linked or aligned with the organisational objectives or strategy .So to achieve productivity of the company HR need to integrate with organisational objective. However, according to soft model productivity is not possible until and unless organisation gain commitment from the employee. But sometimes HR also consider about the people which mobilize the other resource so they need to develop their employees mind, skills and ability which is about the resource model of HRM.(Armstrong M, 2009) The organization and staffing of the HR function clearly depends on the size of the business .Every company want to get more profit from their investment so they need to use good hr strategy like out sourcing and bringing new technology in the business which should be faster and the cheapest for the company work ,greater use of electronic HRM giving more responsibility to line managers, outsourcing transactional or routine activities and the evolution of employment regulations so that the HRM role is changing every day.(Camen-Muller M. et.al.2008) Role of HRM in organisational productivity The main aim of the company is optimized the maximum resources and get more profit so HRM policy need to be fit with company strategy .consequently HRM always want to use new method in the organization which should be help in company growth .The main function of the HRM are as follows: 1 Staffing (recruitment and selection) Training and development Performance objective (appraisal and rewards) Change management and administrative objectives. Introduction about the Company Mitchells and butlers is the uks leading operator of managed pubs and pub restaurants. They offer food, drinks, entertainment and accommodation to their customer nationwide. It listed on the London Stock Exchange in April 2003 and is a member of the FTSE250.Mitchells Butlers has a high quality manor, decided on the long-standing enlargement in the informal eating out market where MAB pubs are well placed to detain an unbalanced share. Every time they are trying to use new method and technology and they are also careful to the customers satisfaction, long term growth and the company brand. So they are using new HR function to their company. These are as follow Function of HRM Recruitment and selection: It is the process of having the right person in the right place at the right time. It is vital presentation to organizational performance. It is an essential activity, not just for the HR team but also for line managers who are more and more concerned in the selection process. There is some point which is the step of recruitment and selection these are; Identify the role Attracting applications Application and selection process Making the appointment It is the most important factor of HR function ,Their target is choose the right people to the right position if they choose right person they can help to company productivity because they will do the good job in a company and company growth will be increase. According to the Mitchell and Butlers they are using interview method in their selection process. Most of the company are using this method because they want to know about the employee behave their activities, style, cultural .and they can easily find out, they are fit in the company or not? 2 Training and development: Training and development strategy is intended to support the accomplishment of business goal promoting by human capital improvement. It is also about the skill and knowledge about the employee, what type of skill they want and what type of training they want? They need to consider about their interest because of if employee does not happy with their work it will affect in the company aims. So training and development process provide the skeleton for human being and self directed learning, As a result everyone in the company could be optimistic and given the occasion to learn to develop their skills and gen to the highest of other ability. Nowadays every company are using the new technology in their business about this training and development they started to give online training like video conference because of the cost every company want to minimize their cost and they want to increase the company growth. Appraisal and reward: It is about the employee motivation like promotion staff facilities, free insurance, promotion etc.HR manager also consider about this thing because if employees are happy they can do the good job and their progress will be increase. According to the Mitchell and Butlers they are providing them staff bonus every month and if somebody did the good job they will give them extra benefit like increase the pay and promotion. Psychological contract: The psychological contract is anxious with assumptions, exceptions, promises and joint responsibility. It creates stance and emotions which from and oversee deeds. It is also self-motivated it develops over time as understanding accumulates, member of staff circumstances change and employees re-evaluate their exceptions. (Guestetal 1996) About the employers point of view, it covers the employment relationship as an ability, endeavour, obedience, dedication and loyalty but about the employees point of view they want these thing: Protection of employment Attachment and pressure Trust the management of the company to keep their promises. 3 Opportunity to develop their skills According to the Mitchell and butlers they had good relationship between management teams and employees. So the success of the company depends on the people who work for the organization. They are proud of their staff and they would like to thank all their employees for their hard work and commitment. So that in this way all employees will be satisfy with their team work and they will be motivated. As a result company will achieve the goal. HR functions depend upon the HR strategyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ HR PLANNING AND HR STRATEGY Human resource planning at its essence is identifying the number of employees and skills required for the future and ensuring they are available to the organization when required. (Lecture handouts) Strategy human resource management is about scientifically linking people with the organization. The strategic means companys long term plan for how it will balance its internal strengths and weakness with its external opportunity and threats to maintain a reasonable benefit. Strategic human resource management is largely about integration and adaptation. Its concern is to insure that: HR management is fully integrated with the strategy and strategic needs of the firm. HR policies cohere both across policy areas and across hierarchies HR practices are familiar, acknowledged and used by line managers and employees as part of their every day work. (Schuler 1992) The major three generic strategic are: Innovative: High degree of inspired activities, long term focus, high risk and a judicious degree of concern for value. Quality: recurring and predicable behaviours, more long term or transitional focus, low risk, high distress for method and worth. Cost reduction: Short term focus, feature output, low risk, and individual motion primary concern for result. 4 HR strategy also find out from these two analyses, these are Internal analyses: Swot (strength and weakness) and gap analyses External analyses: Pest analyses SWOT ANALYSES: Strength: Strength is the power of the company but it depends on their resources like human resource, financial resource, quality product, good customers service and team work. Every company want to be strength in the market. So a business Strengths are its possessions and capabilities that can be used as a basic for embryonic an aggressive improvement. Such as: Patents Muscular brand names Good character against customers Approving access to allotment network Weakness: Sometimes a weakness may be the flip side of strength. Some weaknesses are as follow: Lack of patent security High cost constitution, Lack of the access the best natural funds Underprivileged reputation among clients A weak product name, Opportunity: The external environment analysis may reveal certain new changes for gain and growth, these are: Loosening of regulation, Coming of new technology, A discontented customers needs, Removal of international trade barriers, 5 Threats: Changes in the external environment also may present threats to the company such as: New Regulations, Changing customers behaviour or test, Materialization of alternative product, Increased trade barriers (www.quickmba.com) GAP ANALYSES It is about evaluate between the present and future situation what are they doing now and what did they want to change in a future.   A breach is occasionally called the autonomy flanked by where we are and where we want to be. A gap investigation helps overpass that legroom by stress which requirements are being met and which is not. The tool provides a foundation for measuring the investment of time, money and human resources thats required to accomplish a particular upshot. (Lecture handouts) Desire future stages .Purpose .Vision Current position Resources Competences/skills Organisation activities Gap analysis PEST ANALYSIS Political: It is about the political situation about the company and how it affects in the organisation activities, when government change, they can bring the new rules, laws and regulation in the country and atomically it changed everything such as tax and council tax, so HR manager need to be consider about this point: current legislation house promote 6 global legislation government policies government term and change trading policies funding, grants and initiatives home market lobbying/anxiety groups worldwide strain groups Economic: Marketers require allowing for the situation of a trading financial system in the petite and extensive -terms. This is principally accurate when scheduling for worldwide advertising. Which are as follow? Interest rates. The level of price raises Service level per capita. taxation explicit to product/services unambiguous industry factors market routes and division trends Social: The community and enlightening influences on trade fluctuate from nation to nation. It is very imperative that such factors are painstaking. Factors embrace: way of life trends demographics media views law changes affecting social factors brand, company, technology image consumer buying patterns fashion and role models buying access and trends 7 ethnic/devout factors Technology: Technology is fundamental for bloodthirsty improvement and is a chief driver of globalization. Regard as the subsequent points: competing technology progress investigate support replacement technology/solutions industrialized maturity and capacity consumer buying mechanism/technology familiarity legislation innovation potential expertise access, licensing, patents rational property issues(www.businessballs.com/www.marketingteacher.com) 8 Conclusion Mitchells Butlers has a high eminence, well-located manor, focused on long-term expansion in the casual, value-for-money, eating and drinking-out markets. Their sales approach is based on four principal levers, providing their customers with: high-quality amenity; again and again great value; a wide choice of food and drink; and admirable service. Their verified knowledge at every level, pooled with a pub estate of incomparable quality in prime locations, continues to convey on their scheme of pouring commercial quantity development and creating shareholder value. As a summary the HR manager considers about these points, motivation (how to motivate the employee), performance management (increase personal development), recruitment and selection (how to choose the right people to the right place), training and development (increase their capability with training). After that organisation successfully achieve the company goals. 9

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Positions of Blacks in the Civil War and Emancipation Essay example --

â€Å"Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States." The quote mentioned above was proclaimed by African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass, and served as motivation for African Americans to enlist in the Union’s Army efforts and take an initiative in their future. With President Abraham Lincoln's issue of his Preliminary draft of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, the Civil War developed to be a war to ultimately save the union and to abolish slavery. Blacks overall played a substantial part in the victory of the union, helping them turn the tide against the confederate army. In all, there were roughly 200,000 black soldiers who served in over 100 units in the Union Army and Navy (10 percent of the Union). But while their involvement in war efforts deemed valuable there was tension on many fronts, there were major anti-Black prejudice against black involvement from people in Free states and in the loyal slave states; who were not in favor of arming the Black soldiers and letting them participate in combat. With tha t being said, what were the Social conditions for blacks in the North (Franklin) and the South (Augusta) prior to the war? How did many African Americans participate in the war and in what way? Did these conditions post war? The main purpose of this paper is to monitor African American contributions to the war and illustrate how these contributions changed their social status in society. With the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, it forecasted tremendous change for the entire country... ...863. http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/papers/FN0000. †¢ Christy, Jacob. â€Å"Franklin County: Jacob Christy to Mary Jane Demus, August 10, 1864.† The Valley of the Shadow, August 10, 1864. http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/papers/F3004. †¢ Hargrove, Hondon B. Black Union Soldiers in the Civil War. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 1988. †¢ Jordan, Ervin L. Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia. Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia, 1995. †¢ Mobley, Joe A. Weary of War†¯: Life on the Confederate Home Front. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2008. †¢ Quarles, Benjamin. The Negro in the Civil War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969. †¢ Wesley, Charles H. Afro-Americans in the Civil War: From Slavery to Citizenship. 1979 ed. International Library of Afro-American Life and History. Cornwells Heights, Pa: Publishers Agency, 1978.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Biking can improve your life Essay -- essays research papers

Biking Can Improve Your Life Exercise is the most important part of a happy life. Americans are some of the fattest people in the world. We are also overly dependant on prescription drugs. These factors stretch from the very young to the elderly. Biking is a great way to introduce activity into sedentary lifestyles. With proper knowledge they will see that biking improves their life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Over the last decade children, in the United States have been gaining weight. Obesity is rapidly becoming an epidemic in our youngster’s lives.†(Spataro, 1999) With the added weight comes greater risk of diabetes, heart diseases and many other ailments. Our children must be taught how proper exercise can give them a better future. Biking is a great way to start the learning process, to introduce an active lifestyle to our children. One way to start the introduction is in the early years. They can gain a love for the sport starting very young. Parents can install child seats or pull a trailer to include them in daily workout routines. When children learn to ride a bike themselves they can accompany parents on shorter rides. Riding to a local park is wonderful motivation for a child to go a few extra miles. It is a great way for parents and children to spend quality time together. As children mature into young adults biking becomes a form of free dom and independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obesity of course is not just a problem for today’s youth. Obesity is...

Pit Bull Law In Ontario Essay

The pit bull law is a touch and go law, it is one of those laws that doesn’t get enforced until this dog actually does something that would get it attention of the police, in which case they would take your pit bull away from you and put it down. Most people blame the bad reputation of pit bulls on bad owners, Pit bulls have been known as bad dogs since criminals started adopting them in the 70’s-80’s and using them in illegal dog fights and self defense dogs to protect drugs and money usually, pit bulls are very intimidating dogs that’s why they where chosen for all this stuff. Tons of sources and people all say that pit bulls make amazing family dogs, numerous people say that the key to a good dog is a good and loving owner, and make a great family dog that are good with kids and other animals only if trained right. The law is also hurting people too, there are a lot of pit bull breeders that are now not legally aloud to breed the only breed they know how to breed which is a violation of there rights. The government cant make you get rid of a pit bull you already own but there are very strict guidelines as to take care and keep these dogs away from society. The bill should be appealed, all dogs bite. Just these dogs need special attention just like every other dog to be a good dog. First of all the big reason why there is a ban on pit bull breeding and ownership of pit bulls is because of the bad reputation that they have accumulated over the past 40 or so years one of the first uses of the pit bull was to fight bears and bulls and stuff and people used that as entertainment, after that got banned for being rules as cruel to animals they came up with a new sport for the dogs which was to pin them up against each other in a pit for a fight to the death and people would bid money on the winners and ect†¦ the dogs where bred to kill. But it was made very illegal very fast and banned in all 52 states and Canada. That breed was very dangerous, but since the 80’s making that killer breed was illegal so that pure killing machine isn’t really around anymore but you cant take it all out of the gene, but it can be easily controlled with proper training and a loving owner. But that’s not always the case bad people do get there hands on these dogs to often and treat them with no respect, love or care and give don’t them proper obedience training. â€Å"Many of the pit bull attacks are due to a skyrocketing number of poorly bred and badly trained dogs raised by backyard breeders, who are trying to cash in on the pit bull’s growing reputation as a cheap, but deadly effective guard dog, particularly in urban areas.† This is a quote from The Houston Chronicle placing the blame almost solely on the humans. Before the 80’s pit bull attacks where almost unheard of in fact there where an American icon along with bull dogs. Pit bulls where used on military poster for the first world war and in other posters, the pit bull was in a lot of households across America. The second topic would be how this law in Ontario has affected people’s jobs in breeding. Because of the new law breeders that have perfected there breed and only have knowledge in the pit bull breed, now that that has been taken away from them it is violating there rights as people, they have been stripped of there jobs because of an unfair law that has no reason to even be a law. Ontario breeders argue the ban violates breeders’ constitutional rights. Hundreds of supporters of pit bull-type dogs gathered in front of the provincial legislature to protest. Other supporters, including the American Staffordshire Club of Canada, say that Ontario’s law is so vague and unscientific that it will affect many animals that shouldn’t be banned. In a widely reported case, Toronto police fired more than a dozen bullets into two pit bulls that had turned on the man who was walking them as a favor for a friend. In another in London, Ont., a woman and her seven-year-old son watched in horror as a pit bull latched onto her husband’s arm as he tried to keep the family puppy out of the dog’s reach. While some breeders are fighting the ban, others are leaving the province. Pit bulls aren’t really an identifiable breed, added Hillier, so the law only provides a physical description of dogs, which he said could be applied to many breeds. The vague description of pit bulls in the legislation — which speaks of broad shoulders, short hair and a wide forehead Pit bull bans are â€Å"ridiculous and cruel,† she added, and have already been lifted in other provinces, many U.S. states and countries around the world. Everyone knows it’s the deed, not the breed, that’s the problem. We know that German shepherds, we know that Labrador retrievers, we know that Chihuahuas are as capable of biting, or more capable of biting, as so-called pit bulls. What is trying to be said here is that there is no actually law on the breed of pit bulls its just a description and a very vague one at that, This law is very un organized, pit bulls are getting shipped out of Ontario and being pit down even when there not full pit bulls, they are mixes that fit the description. The original Bill 132 was passed on March 1, 2005, and received Royal Assent on March 9, 2005.The Bill prohibits individuals from owning, breeding, transferring, importing or abandoning pit bulls. Now that its 2012 the law has almost been considered being lifted completely it has in other provinces, Ontario is basically the only province that has not lifted it in Canada, and hopefully they let up soon, its unfair to all the breeders and pit bull lovers out there. In conclusion the Pit Bull has had a bad reputation since the mid 19 hundreds between the illegal dog fights and all the gangsters and terrible breeders using these dogs for attack dogs and to protect drugs, and money, and for intimidation, and ect. But truth is that killer breed has been gone for awhile now, its basically just mixes out there from bad breeders with bad owners, there is no such thing as a â€Å"bad† dog, every dog is capable of biting and being viscous, the pit bull is capable of being a good dog, pit bull owners all say, there dog is great with there kids and family and even strangers, other dogs are touchy but can be contained with proper training. Also it putting good breeders out of a job is unfair because they can be breeding great dogs not even the killer ones. It violates their rights and they have been fighting for them back since 2005. The Law is cruel and unusual and should be lifted. Work Cited 1.Arland Kent, pit bulls fighting there historical bad rep, April 2010, www.streetdirectory.com 2. Mrgrimwig, Why do pit bulls attack?, august 12, 2011, www.mrgrimwig.hubpages.com 3. Unknown, 10 common misconceptions about pit bulls. Febuary 10th, 2009, www.dogster.com 4. CBC news team, Pit bull ban begins, August 29th 2005, www.CBC.ca 5. Aaron Hall, Pitbull ban close to being lifted, February 24th 2012, www.ckdp.com

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Social Changes Their Influences Over The Past Century Education Essay

Merely as manner alterations in a response to alterations in society and public position, so make the positions of kids change in response to the same issues. There are Four major factors that tend to hold the most profound impact on the positions and intervention of kids in society. 1. Historical Events – World War II – Progressive instruction motion – Educational plan practice/practice examination – Social attention V Developmental attention – Sociable force per unit areas to maintain female parents at place2. Changes in Family Life – Increased figure of adult females in the work force – Rise in the figure of individual parents – Increasing mobility3. Evidence of the Benefits of Early Childhood Education – Research indicates quality attention has positive effects on development – Child at Risk Benefit: greater schooling success, decreased demand for particular instruction, lowered delinquency and apprehension rates, decreased public assistance dependance.4. Recommending on Behalf of Children – Many households face utmost poorness – Scarcity of low-cost, high-quality of attention – Child ‘s rights advocators – Has become a political concern Educational Theories and Their Influence on Early Childhood Programs Questions to See What is developmentally appropriate pattern? Why is it an recognized pattern in learning immature kids? What is an educational doctrine? How does it associate to developmentally allow pattern? There has been a distinguishable tendency to force kids to accomplish academically. Our schools are under changeless unfavorable judgment sing hapless academic readying and literacy. Possibly this is a consequence of conflicting educational doctrines and patterns.Doctrines of Education When pedagogues express their strong feelings about how kids should be taught, there are showing their doctrines. Doctrines of instruction integrate our strong beliefs about how kids grow and learn ; in bend, they help us find the activities and stuffs we consider most good. Doctrines are based on theories. Two major theoretical accounts are: 1. Psychometric Model 2. Developmental ModelPsychometric Model Psychometric Model is composed by specific mensurable abilities. It states that kids learn best by being screened, evaluated and moved through a preset sequenced of teacher-directed acquisition experiences holding predictable results that can be measured and tested. Instructional schemes: – promote the acquisition of specific academic accomplishments – pedagogues carefully and intentionally lead kids ‘s acquisition episodes – accent is placed on subskills associated with reading, composing and math – acquisition is reinforced with workbooks, worksheets ; paper and pencil seatwork focuses on memorisation of letters, word, etc. – art undertakings imitate theoretical accounts – schoolrooms find small clip for drama, originative thought, group or single job resolution, hazard or geographic expeditionDevelopmental Model The Developmental Model seeks to offer a safe and nurturing environment that promotes the ‘Whole ‘ kid, or SPLICE. Quality is determined how developmentally appropriate it is, both in footings of age and individualism. – follows Interactionist/Constructivist theories of larning – Course of study planning emphasizes larning as an synergistic procedure. Teachers prepare the environment for kids to larn through active geographic expedition and interaction with grownups, other kids and stuffs. – Learning activities and stuffs should be concrete, existent and relevant to the lives of immature kids. – Teachers provide a assortment of activities and stuffs ; instructors increase the trouble, complexness, and challenge of any activity as kids are involved with it and as kids develop understanding and accomplishments.Plans From Educational Theories Behaviorist Programs Early Childhood Program Name callings: – Direct Direction – Bereiter-Engelmann Model – Engelmann-Becker Model – DISTAR ( Direct Instructional System for Teaching Math and Reading The Educator ‘s Role is really of import because it is a instructor directed plan. it requires theoretical account or model behaviour from instructor and pupils. It uses techniques such as Prompting ( manus signals ) to derive the coveted behaviour or action.Curriculum and Program Organization: – academic accent – acquisition is hierarchal – undertaking analysis interruptions down constructs into little stairss – stairss are sequenced – usage prompts and support of behaviour – uses-fast paced lessons and bore techniques – uses small-group direction – follows a set timetable each twenty-four hours Physical Environment: – little suites available for group work – minimal ocular distraction – item awards such as star charts encouraged Appraisal: – frequent criterion-referenced testing – command of constructs allows for motion to following degreeDevelopmental Programs Early on Childhood Plans: – traditional nursery school – Early Head Start – British Infant School The Educators Role is to steer and ease acquisition. There is besides a heavy publicity of all facets of SPLICE/Development.Curriculum and Program Organization: – sees kids as adventurers – course of study is child-centered and frequently child driven – two cardinal characteristics: Integrated Curriculum and Integrated Day – integrated topics throughout the twenty-four hours – encouraged creativeness and self-expression through a strong usage of the humanistic disciplines – agendas are flexible – encourages kids ‘s involvements – considers development as a natural flowering: force per unit area is non appropriate – utilizations common environmental stuffs – considers play indispensable – considers societal and affectional development of import Physical Environment: – integrates the indoor and out-of-door environments – child-centered and child-friendly ; tonss of grounds of kids ‘s work and kids ‘s involvements – schoolrooms organized around involvement or acquisition centres Appraisal: – observation and anecdotal notes – developmental samples of work provide developmental record – periodic formal parent conferencesCognitive Interactionist Programs Early Childhood Program Name callings: – Constructivist plans – Cognitively-Orientated Course of study – High/Scope Curriculum ( extensively used in preschool plans in Eastern Canada, originated in Ypsilanti, Michigan ) Educator ‘s Role is one of facilitator and open-ended inquirer to ease thought and problem-solving. They provide open-ended stuffs for the schoolroom environment which offer the kid appropriate support and challenges. Observation and interaction with kids occurs to detect how each kid thinks and grounds. As good, there are custodies on engagement activities, along with conversations with the kids.Curriculum Program and Organization: – based on Piagetian Theory ( Jean Piaget ) – organized around cardinal experiences in the three countries of cognitive development, socio-emotional development, and movement/physical development: originative representation linguistic communication and literature enterprise and societal dealingss motion music categorization figure infinite clip – requires big blocks of clip for problem-solving and communicating, so timetable of twenty-four hours is build around ‘Plan-Do-Review ‘ – intent of ‘Plan-Do-Review ‘ is to ease kids ‘s thought and planning every bit good as to promote their brooding thought Physical Environment: – organized into involvement centres – stuffs in involvement centres are organized in logical mode that enables kids to utilize and return stuffs independently – suggestions for suited stuffs: practical, mundane objects natural and found stuffs tools messy stuffs heavy big stuffs easy-to-handle stuffs Appraisal: – High/Scope Child Observation-Record for Ages 2-6 – organized around cardinal experiences and buttockss initiative, originative representation, linguistic communication and literacy, societal dealingss, logic and math, and music and motion. – High/Scope Program Quality Assessment used for evaluation plans on larning environment, day-to-day modus operandi, adult-child interaction, course of study planning and appraisal, parent engagement and household services, and staff making s and developmentPoliticss and Early Childhood Education Canadian Governement Regulations hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/prb0420-e.htm Retrieved on 15-Nov-2010 Saskatchewan Child Care Regulations hypertext transfer protocol: //www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Regulations/Regulations/C7-3R2.pdf Retrieved on 15-Nov-2010 First Nations Head Start -Standard Guide hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fniah-spnia/pubs/famil/_develop/2003_ahs-papa-ref-guide/index-eng.php Retrieved on 15-Nov-2010Public Education and Advocacy Some early childhood pedagogues are loath to take an active function in public instruction and protagonism, and others feel powerless to make anything. There are three types of advocacy-personal, professional, informational. Personal Advocacy – Help your neighbours understand what you do at your occupation. – Refer yourself as an early childhood pedagogue. – Encourage friends/family to believe about why attention costs every bit much as it does. – Identify how attention helps them in their ain occupation – Read and explicate early childhood research. – Join professional organisations. Professional Advocacy – Lobbying – groups that advocate for quality early childhood plans – Group work toward greater public apprehension and support for high quality kid attention, by broadening the base of support to include other groups such as baby doctors and concern community. Informational Advocacy – Attempts to raise public consciousness about the importance of early childhood, and the capacity of high quality plans to beef up households and proven chances for optimum growing and development. – An effectual advocator requires first-hand cognition for the issues confronting kids, households and staff.Engagement | Exploration | Application | Connection | Top created 12-Oct-2009 modified 17-Nov-2010 glossary right of first publication